What's new
The State Duma received a package of bills aimed at creating and ensuring the activities of the National Guard of Russia, introduced by the President.
The Committee on Security and Anti-Corruption began work on bill No. 1037356-6 “On the troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation.”
The bill provides for defining the tasks of the Russian National Guard troops, their composition, operating principles and powers, resolving issues related to their leadership and management, staffing, ensuring social protection for military personnel of the National Guard troops, as well as financial and logistical support for the national guard troops. guard.
The bill establishes that the National Guard troops consist of command and control bodies, associations, formations, military units and organizations. The leadership of the National Guard troops is exercised by the President of the Russian Federation. The management of the National Guard troops is carried out by the head of the federal executive body authorized in the field of activity of the National Guard troops, who is the commander of the National Guard troops. The National Guard troops are recruited by military personnel undergoing military service under contract and conscription, as well as civilian personnel.
If adopted, the implementation of the law will require changes and invalidation of a number of acts of federal legislation and their individual provisions, which is planned to be done through separate bills.
to the Committee State Duma for Security and Anti-Corruption, work on draft law No. 1037366-6 “On amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation and the recognition of certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation as invalid in connection with the adoption of the Federal Law “On the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation” was entrusted, providing for the introduction of provisions ensuring the implementation changes to laws entrusted to the troops of the Russian National Guard:
1. “On private detective and security activities in the Russian Federation”
2. “On psychiatric care and guarantees of the rights of citizens during its provision”
3. “On perpetuating the memory of those killed in defense of the Fatherland”
4. “On pension provision for persons who served in military service, service in internal affairs bodies, the State Fire Service, authorities for control of the circulation of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, institutions and bodies of the penal system, and their families”
5. “On the State Border of the Russian Federation”
6. "Oh state protection judges, law enforcement officials and regulatory authorities"
7. “On the detention of suspects and accused of committing crimes”
8. “On state protection”
9. “About defense”
10. “About weapons”
11. “About bailiffs”
12. “On narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances”
13. “On conscription and military service”
14. “On state pension provision in the Russian Federation”
15. “On railway transport in the Russian Federation “On the public service of the Russian Cossacks”
16. “On countering terrorism”
17. “On the peculiarities of management and disposal of property and shares of organizations operating in the field of atomic energy use, and on amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation”
18. “About the State Atomic Energy Corporation “Rosatom”
19. "About the Police"
20. “On the procedure for the gratuitous transfer of military real estate into the ownership of constituent entities of the Russian Federation - federal cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg, municipal property and on amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation”
21. “On education in the Russian Federation”
22. “On the procedure for serving administrative arrest”
23. Civil Code of the Russian Federation
24. Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offences.
The same bill proposes to extend to persons who have special ranks and serve in the federal executive body that carries out the functions of developing and implementing public policy and legal regulation in the field of activities of the Russian National Guard troops, in the field of arms trafficking and in the field of private security activities, the provisions of the laws “On social guarantees for employees of internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation and amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation” and “On service in the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation and introducing amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation", vesting appropriate powers in the authorized bodies of state power and their leaders.
In addition, the State Duma Committee on Budget and Taxes received bills No. 1037369-6 “On amendments to Article 21 of the Budget Code of the Russian Federation,” which provides for the attribution of expenses for supporting the activities of the National Guard troops of the Russian Federation as a legal successor internal troops Ministry of Internal Affairs to unified sections and subsections of the classification of budget expenditures budget system Russia and No. 1037372-6 “On Amendments to Article 333-38 of Part Two of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation”, in accordance with which it is envisaged to release military personnel of the newly created Federal service troops of the National Guard of Russia as the legal successor of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation from paying state fees for performing notarial acts.
08:11 05.08.2017
ROSSGUARD: NEW OPRICHNIKA OF RUSSIA
Part 1. Formation of the Russian Guard and its organization
More than a year ago, an article was published in the CIACR review “CHALLENGES AND RISKS” « RUSSIAN NATIONAL GUARD: NEW REGIME GUARD", dedicated to the creation in April 2016 in Russia of a new federal service - the National Guard (NG) troops. Since then, it has been formed organizationally and developed technically, and although its creation has not yet been completed, the changes during its formation, the current state, and the activities of this service are of certain interest.
Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of Russia(FSVNG, another name “Rosgvardia”) in the official formulation is a federal executive body of Russia that carries out the functions of developing and implementing state policy and legal regulation in the areas of: the activities of NG troops, private security activities and non-departmental security, arms trafficking.
Formation of the regulatory framework The Russian Guard and the creation of this federal service
April 5, 2016 Putin signed decree No. 157 “Issues of the Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation,” in which he decided to form the FSVNG of the Russian Federation, as well as transform the Internal Troops (VV) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia into the NG Troops of the Russian Federation. One of their main tasks should be the fight against terrorism and organized crime in close contact with the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs. Thus, the functions that were previously performed by OMON and SOBR units should also be transferred to NG. The creation of the Russian Guard occurred as part of a reform to improve the work of law enforcement agencies in Russia. On the same day, Putin introduced bills on the National Guard and changes to a number of legislative acts to the State Duma. The Russian Guard was subordinated directly to the President of Russia. Its head was appointed a former security guard and close friend of Putin, Army General V. Zolotov (previously the commander of the Internal Troops and deputy head of the Ministry of Internal Affairs), who headed the presidential security service for 13 years. Now his position is called “Director and Commander-in-Chief of the Federal Service of the National Guard Troops” and his status is equal to that of a minister.
April 29 the head of the NG V. Zolotov approved the basic plans for the formation of the department. The interdepartmental group prepared a joint order of the Russian Guard and the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, which delimited the powers of the departments. Interaction was worked out, since NG and police units will jointly maintain order on city streets and during mass events. Also, organizational issues regarding the reception and transfer of units included in the NG from the Ministry of Internal Affairs were resolved. This work was carried out at two levels – federal and regional. At the first level, the FSVNG and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, and other federal executive authorities will be involved. On the second - regional military commands and territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation in federal districts.
After the president approved the structure, composition and deployment of the NG troops, work began to clarify the main planning documents: the concept of the construction and development of the NG, the plan for the service and combat use of troops and the concept of the development of the command and control system. The development of the State Program “National Guard of the Russian Federation” began. Plans for the joint use of the department’s troops with other security forces were clarified with amendments introduced until 2017.
In a short time, five working groups were formed, which began transforming the Internal Troops and structural units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs into the NG troops. Among them were the groups “Protection of public order, ensuring public safety, construction and development, planning the use of troops”; “Organizational and staffing measures and staffing”; “Regulatory support”; "Resource provision"; "Financial support".
At the same time, the work of the internal affairs bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs was coordinated, which, along with the Internal Troops, became part of the Russian Guard. During the reform period, combat readiness remained at the same level, combat and special training activities were carried out in full.
3 July Putin signed Law No. 226-FZ “On the troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation”. According to the law, the NG troops are a state military organization designed to ensure state and public security, protect rights and freedoms. The troops will participate in the protection of public order, important government facilities, special cargo, communications structures, as well as ensure public safety, take part in the fight against terrorism and extremism, and ensure states of emergency or martial law.
September 3 Putin signed a decree defining the structure of the Russian Guard. It will include the central apparatus, seven districts that correspond to the boundaries of federal districts, and territorial bodies in each subject of the Russian Federation. Military units will be subordinate to the command of the districts, and the territorial bodies of the Russian Guard in the regions will manage the OMON and SOBR forces, private security units and licensing and permitting departments that control civilian weapons from individuals and organizations. All these forces and services were previously part of the structure of the departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
September 30th Putin signed decree No. 510 “On the Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation” (together with the “Regulations on the Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation”), which specifies the general provisions, powers and organization of the activities of the Russian Guard.
And finally, on May 24, 2017, Putin signed decree No. 236 “On approval of the Regulations on the operational-territorial unification of troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation,” which, in particular, states that by decision of the president, formations and units of the RF Armed Forces, other military formations and bodies can be transferred to the operational subordination of the district commander of the NG troops to carry out the tasks assigned to the NG troops.
At the first stage of the reform internal troops were transformed into NG troops. The Russian Guard also includes SOBR and OMON units, the Special Purpose Center for Rapid Reaction Forces and Aviation, private security, in particular the Special Purpose Center for Private Security of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs that monitor compliance with legislation in the areas of arms trafficking and private security activities, and also FSUE "Security", which provides services for paramilitary and physical security and for installation and operation technical means security The number of the Russian Guard upon completion of the reform may be 350-400 thousand people. Now it is 340 thousand people. and, as stated by its director V. Zolotov, has almost doubled since its creation. Funding for the Russian Guard in 2016 was provided through the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and in 2017 - as a separate line in the state budget (211 billion rubles). It is planned to allocate 210 billion rubles for 2018, and 209.9 billion rubles for 2019. But from the amendments to the budget for 2017, it became known that the Russian Guard will receive an additional 11.2 billion rubles this year, as stated - in connection with the fulfillment of the state’s obligations to employees who transferred to the Russian Guard.
Formation of the Russian Guard is carried out in three stages and should be completed by January 31, 2018.
The first stage ended on December 31, 2016, when measures were taken to transfer personnel to the troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation, the central apparatus of the department was formed, and 84 territorial bodies of the Russian Guard were created in each subject of the Russian Federation. In addition, a legal framework has been developed to regulate the activities of the Russian Guard.
At the second stage, which will last until August 31, 2017, it is necessary to determine the volume and procedure for carrying out service and combat missions, clarify the composition, strength and operational structure of troop groups, complete the formation of force groupings in the regions of the Russian Federation to guarantee the fulfillment of legally assigned tasks and ensure public safety , including during the Confederation Cup, organize events for the transfer of riot police and SOBR officers to military service under contract.
At the third stage, it is planned to complete the formation of NG troops, transfer OMON and SOBR officers to military service under contract, organize the implementation of service and combat missions in a single structure and according to uniform plans, and carry out joint activities with other law enforcement agencies in preparation for the 2018 FIFA World Cup G .
The troops of the NG RF are officially entrusted with the following main tasks:
The NG troops may be assigned other tasks by decisions of the President of the Russian Federation adopted in accordance with federal constitutional laws and federal laws.
Critics of the creation of FSVNG suggest that it is, first of all, intended for solving the following main problems:
In order to determine which of the tasks of the Russian Guard are the highest priority for the Russian leadership, we will clarify and analyze its organization, weapons and actions over the year that has passed since the creation of this new power structure.
ROSSGUARDIA consists of the central apparatus, NG troops consisting of seven districts of NG troops and territorial bodies of NG.
Central office The Russian Guard is headed by its leadership, including the director of the FSVNG - the commander in chief of the VNG, the first deputy director of the FSVNG - the commander in chief of the NG troops, the chief of the Main Staff of the NG troops and 4 deputy directors of the FSVNG. There are up to 2,100 people in the central office of the Russian Guard.
The central apparatus of the Russian Guard includes the apparatus of its director and the Main Directorates of the Russian Guard: organizational, operational of the Main Headquarters of the NG troops, training of the NG troops, communications, organizational and mobilization, security of facilities, private security, aviation, as well as inspection, department of medical support, etc.
The board of the Russian Guard includes the chairman (director of the Russian Guard) and members of the board: the first deputy director of the Russian Guard, the chief of the Main Staff of the NG troops and 4 deputy directors of the Russian Guard, the head of the Main Organizational Directorate of the Russian Guard (the chief of staff of its director) and 7 district commanders of the NG troops.
NG troops(up to 170 thousand people) include control bodies (district commands (KO VNG)), formations and operational units (ON, or motorized rifle on infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers and vehicles), special motorized (SM) formations and units (on vehicles) , formations and units of the VNG for the protection of important government facilities and special cargo, units and units of special purpose (SN, 17 thousand people) and reconnaissance, aviation and naval units, units and support institutions (communications, training, logistics, etc.) , medical and cultural institutions, educational institutions.
Territorial bodies of the NG troops include a special purpose center (TSC) of rapid response forces and aviation, special rapid response units (SOBR), special mobile units (OMON), units of private security and licensing and permitting work.
Management structure of the Russian Guard includes:
Central apparatus of the Russian Guard, which has main directorates, departments, directorates, divisions and services in areas of activity, as well as management units.
Districts of NG troops, which includes formations, units, organizations of the NG troops and territorial bodies of the Russian Guard at the regional level (main directorates, directorates, departments for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation), as well as federal state government institutions of private security of the NG troops (directorates, departments for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation).
Formations, units, organizations of NG troops directly subordinate to the director of the Russian Guard.
Territorial bodies of the Russian Guard at the interregional level.
Organizations higher education NG troops.
The Russian Guard is being completed military personnel performing military service (conscription and contract), serving employees (voluntarily) and civil servants and employees performing state civil service (voluntarily).
To manage the formations of the NG troops, the regional commands of the Internal Troops were reorganized into the commands of the districts of the NG troops in the territories of the federal districts (FD) of the same name of the Russian Federation. The exception is the Eastern KO of the NG troops, which controls formations of the NG troops stationed in the Far Eastern Federal District, as well as the North Caucasus KO, whose area of responsibility includes the Southern and Crimean FD. In total, 7 districts of NG troops were created in the 9 Federal District, incl. Central (headquarters - Moscow), Northwestern (St. Petersburg), North Caucasian (Rostov-on-Don), Volga (Nizhny Novgorod), Ural (Ekaterinburg), Siberian (Novosibirsk) and Eastern (Khabarovsk).
NG troops in 2016 included 3 divisions (ODON, 55th and 95th ON each with 3-5 regiments and a number of formations), 20 brigades (18 ON (2-3 ON regiments and a number of formations each or 4 b-on) and 2 SM brigades), 102 regiment and dept. base (including SM), 11 detachments of special forces, 4 air regiments, 9 squadrons, etc.
In each district of the NG troops there are NG formations, which during the war are operatively subordinate to the command of the military district (MD) on the territory of which they are stationed. The Western Military District is subordinate to the Central and North-Western District of the NG Troops, the Southern Military District is the North Caucasian District of the NG Troops, the Central Military District is the Volga, Ural and Siberian District of the NG Troops, and the Eastern Military District is the Eastern District of the NG Troops.
Below is the approximate composition of the NG troops for 2016 (they are in a state of reorganization, and it is possible that now all divisions, except ODON, have been reorganized into brigades, and some brigades into regiments).
NATIONAL GUARD TROOPS(approx. 170 thousand people) include:
The main headquarters of the VNG in the central apparatus of the Russian Guard, to which they report:
VNG central command post.
Central communication center (CCC) military unit 3472 (Moscow region, Pushkinsky district, Ashukino village).
Separate operational division of NG troops (ODON VNG) named after. Dzerzhinsky, military unit 3111 (Moscow region, Balashikha). The division's tasks are to maintain order in Moscow and the Moscow region, to fight terrorism and extremism, and in wartime to protect important facilities. ODON VNG included:
In the division of St. 10 thousand people, hundreds of armored fighting vehicles, artillery, etc.
Units subordinate to the VNG General Staff are stationed on the territory of the ODON:
Also subordinate to the VNG General Staff:
70th department mixed special purpose air regiment, military unit 3694 (Kaluga region, Ermolino village): 6 Mi-8MTV-2, 4 Mi-24P, 3 Mi-26, 6 Il-76, An-12, An-26.
3rd department mixed squadron CH, military unit 3553 (Moscow region, Shchelkovo district, Shchelkovo, Chkalovsky airfield): 4 Mi-8MTV-2, 1 An-72, 3 Tu-134, 3 Tu-154.
In the Russian Guard There is also a center for strategic research, a central archive, a center for state examination of objects, a main center for an automated control system, a song and dance ensemble, an orchestra and a museum.
Central District of NG Troops (Moscow):
95th Division, military unit 3272 (Moscow):
55th (SM?) Division, military unit 5401 (Moscow):
12th department (SM?) brigade, military unit 5580 (Tula):
21st department brigade ON, military unit 3641 (Moscow region. Sofrino): control, 4 military bases (1 on infantry fighting vehicles, 1 on armored personnel carriers and 2 on vehicles), artillery-anti-aircraft base, 9 companies (reconnaissance, sniper, engineer-sapper , traffic control and commandant service, security, automobile, repair, material support, medical), 2 platoons (RCHBZ and canine training), training center. Total 2650 people, 36 infantry fighting vehicles, 100 armored personnel carriers.
dept. SM b-n, military unit 3910 (Kostroma).
683rd department communications regiment, military unit 5583 (Moscow).
236th Security and Support Regiment, military unit 7456 (Moscow).
25th department SN squad "Mercury", military unit 7459 (Smolensk region, Zhornovka village).
504th Training Regiment, military unit 7576 (Moscow region, Lunevo village).
499th Communications Training Regiment, military unit 7527 (Eagle).
11th department mixed aviation squadron SN, military unit 3734 (Voronezh): 6 Mi-8MTV-2, Mi-26T.
North-Western District of the NG Troops (St. Petersburg):
63rd department brigade(security of important facilities), military unit 3278 (St. Petersburg, Gorelovo):
33rd department brigade ON, military unit 3526 (Leningrad region, Lebyazhye): control, 4 military units (1 on infantry fighting vehicles and 3 on vehicles), artillery and anti-aircraft base, 9 companies (reconnaissance, sniper, engineering, regulation traffic and commandant service, security, automobile, repair, material support, medical), 2 platoons (RCHBZ and canine training), training center. 2644 people, 34 infantry fighting vehicles, 12 PM-38 mortars.
110th department SM brigade, military unit 5556 (St. Petersburg):
637th training regiment, military unit 6716(Leningrad region, Lembolovo village).
110th Training Engineer Regiment, military unit 5134 (Komi Republic, Syktyvkar).
28th department SN squad "Ratnik", military unit 6832 (Arkhangelsk).
7th department squadron, military unit 3693 (Pushkin): 6 Mi-8MTV-2.
Volga district of NG troops (Nizhny Novgorod):
94th Brigade (?), military unit 3274 (Nizhny Novgorod region, Sarov):
79th brigade (regiment?), military unit 6676 (Kirov):
34th department brigade ON, military unit 3671 (Nizhny Novgorod region, Shumilovo village): control, 4 military bases (1 on infantry fighting vehicles and 3 on vehicles), artillery and anti-aircraft base, 9 companies (reconnaissance, sniper, engineering, regulation traffic and commandant service, security, automobile, repair, material support, medical), 2 platoons (RCHBZ and canine training), training center. 2644 people, 34 infantry fighting vehicles, 12 PM-38 mortars.
35th department brigade (?), military unit 7452 (Samara):
86th SM Regiment, military unit 5561 (Kazan).
360th Training Regiment, military unit 5204 (Saratov).
271st department bn communications, military unit 5578 (Nizhny Novgorod).
262nd department security bn and provision, military unit 7408 (Nizhny Novgorod).
20th detachment of SN "Vega", military unit 7463 (Saratov).
26th detachment of the SN "Bars", military unit 5598 (Kazan).
29th SN detachment "Bulat", military unit 6795(Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa).
675th department mixed air regiment, military unit 3797 (village of Blizhne Borisovo, Nizhny Novgorod region): 6 Mi-8MTV-2, 6 Il-76.
8th department squadron, military unit 3731 (Saratov region, Engels): 6 Mi-8MTV-2 .
military hospital, military unit 3713 (Kirov).
North Caucasus District of NG Troops (Rostov-on-Don):
46th department brigade ON, military unit 3025 (Chechen Republic, Grozny, Severny Airport):
The brigade has 12 thousand people, 300 units. armored vehicles (150 armored personnel carriers), D-30 howitzers and 1,500 vehicles.
22nd department brigade ON, military unit 3642 (Volgograd region, Kalach-on-Don): 4 military bases, artillery-anti-aircraft base, etc. Total 2596 people, 27 infantry fighting vehicles, 12 PM-38 mortars.
50th department brigade ON, military unit 3660 (Rostov region, Novocherkassk):
The brigade has up to 3.7 thousand people. and 69 infantry fighting vehicles.
47th department brigade ON, military unit 3702 (Krasnodar):
There are 2 thousand people in the brigade. and 34 infantry fighting vehicles.
49th department brigade ON, military unit 3748 (Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Vladikavkaz):
The brigade has up to 4 thousand people, 45 infantry fighting vehicles and 36 BMD-1s
102nd department brigade ON, military unit 6752 (Republic of Dagestan, Makhachkala):
112th department brigade ON, military unit 6914 (Crimea, Simferopol):
83rd Signal Regiment, military unit 3034 (Rostov-on-Don).
30th department special regiment RER "Svyatogor", military unit 5592 (Stavropol).
230th Security and Support Regiment, military unit 7405 (Rostov-on-Don).
170th department bn, military unit 3504 (Rostov region, Volgodonsk).
30th training brigade, military unit 3033 (Rostov region, Persianovka village).
82nd training regiment, military unit 3722 (Rostov region, Shakhty).
3rd Sergeant Training Center, military unit 6814 (Stavropol Territory, Zelenokumsk).
1st training center, military unit 3701 (Rostov region, Persianovsky village).
8th Mining Training Center SN, military unit 6896 (Krasnodar region, Khatsavita village).
685th department mixed special purpose air regiment, military unit 3686 (Rostov-on-Don): 6 Mi-8MTV-2, 4 Mi-24P, Mi-26T, An-26B.
142nd department mixed air regiment, military unit 5592 (Mozdok): 14 Mi-8MTV-2, 4 Mi-24P, 1 Mi-26T.
6th department CH squadron, military unit 3692 (Krasnodar): 6 Mi-8MTV-2
military hospital, military unit 3057 (Rostov region, Novocherkassk).
Ural district of NG troops (Ekaterinburg):
93rd department brigade (?), military unit 3273(Chelyabinsk region, Ozersk):
96th department brigade (?), military unit 3469 (Sverdlovsk region, Kalinovka-1):
131st SM Regiment, military unit 7438 (Chelyabinsk).
335th department Mr. HE, military unit 7605 (Ekaterinburg).
23rd SN detachment "Obereg", military unit 6830 (Chelyabinsk).
214th department bn communications, military unit 3728 (Ekaterinburg).
9th department squadron, military unit 3732 (Ekaterinburg): 6 Mi-8MT-2, An-26.
military hospital, military unit 3055 (Ekaterinburg).
601st Canine Center, military unit 3059 (Tyumen).
Siberian District of NG Troops (Novosibirsk):
98th department brigade, military unit 3478(Tomsk region, Seversk):
82nd department brigade (?), military unit 6515 (Altai Territory, Barnaul):
42nd department brigade (?), military unit 6531 (Irkutsk region, Angarsk):
91st department brigade, military unit 7486 (Krasnoyarsk):
397th department SM b-n, military unit 5427 (Novosibirsk).
19th SN detachment "Ermak", military unit 6749 (Novosibirsk).
27th SN detachment "Kuzbass", military unit 6607 (Kemerovo).
88th training regiment, military unit 7543 (Omsk).
31st department maritime training center, military unit 7628 (Republic of Buryatia, Severobaikalsk).
dept. b-security and support, military unit 2668 (Novosibirsk).
184th department bn communications, military unit 3698 (Novosibirsk).
2nd department squadron, Military unit 3543 (Chita): 6 Mi — 8MT.
10th department squadron, military unit 3733 (Novosibirsk): 6 Mi-8MTV-2, An-26.
district military hospital, military unit 5567 (Novosibirsk) .
Eastern District of NG Troops (Khabarovsk):
111th department brigade (?), military unit 6882 (Khabarovsk): 4 ON battalions, artillery-anti-aircraft base, etc.
107th department brigade (regiment?), military unit 6890 (Vladivostok):
388th department bn, military unit 3494 (Khabarovsk Territory, Elban village).
150th department SM b-n, military unit 5530 (Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk).
21st SN detachment "Typhoon", military unit 6767 (Khabarovsk Territory, Sosnovka village).
245th department bn communications, military unit 3775 (Khabarovsk).
336th department b-security and support, military unit 7482 (Khabarovsk).
641st Special Commandant's Office, military unit 3537 (Chukchi Autonomous District, Bilibino).
1st naval detachment, military unit 3800 (Khabarovsk).
1st department squadron, military unit 3524 (Khabarovsk): 2 An-26, 5 Mi-8MT, 2 Mi-8MTV-2.
military hospital, military unit 5568 (Khabarovsk).
Opera training regiment reserve, military unit 6653 (Sosnovka village, Khabarovsk district).
Analysis of the organization of NG troops shows that they represent seven operational-territorial formations (in fact, “armies of NG troops”), called districts of NG troops and intended to ensure the internal security of all regions of the Russian Federation. There is also an ODON division, subordinate to the Central Office of the NG troops, which is based and operates in Central district NG troops, but can also strengthen other districts of NG troops.
A number of OH formations located in critical regions and “hot” spots have a structure approximately similar to that of motorized rifle formations of the SV and complete sets of support bases. True, they do not have tanks, but are equipped with armored fighting vehicles (including BMP-2 and BTR-82A/AM), 120-mm mortars, ZU-23 anti-aircraft guns and small arms. Formations of NG troops, intended to solve less important tasks or those that do not require mobility (including security ones), do not have armored fighting vehicles and mortars, and they have few vehicles.
Now the NG troops have 170 thousand people. and include 3 divisions (3-5 regiments and a number of detached battalions), 20 brigades (18 ON and 2 SM), 102 regiments and a detachment. base (including SM), 11 detachments of special forces, 4 air regiments, 9 squadrons, etc.
Districts of NG troops have 2-4 brigades, incl. HE/SM. Exceptions are the Central District of the NG troops (2 divisions (?) and 2 brigades (ON and SM), which, together with the ODON division, ensures the security of Moscow and the Central industrial region, and the especially responsible North Caucasus District of the VNG, in which there are 7 ON brigades. In the North -In the Western District of the NG troops there are 3 brigades (including 1 ON and 1 SM), in the Volga District - 4 brigades (including 1 ON), in the Ural District - 2 brigades, in the Siberian District - 4 brigades, in the Eastern District - 2 brigades. The composition of the districts of the NG troops, their divisions and brigades depends on the responsibilities, tasks, needs and characteristics of the district of the NG troops. Each district of the NG troops also has a set of units and support units: regiments or battalions of SM, communications, security and support , SN detachments, air regiments and/or squadrons, training regiments and centers, hospitals, etc.
From divisions the strongest is ODON, which includes 4 regiments (3 OH and training), a SN center (4 SN groups), 7 departments. battalions (communications, sapper, commandant, security and support of training centers, repair, support, medical), RKhBZ company, etc. The division had St. 10 thousand people, hundreds of armored fighting vehicles and artillery. The ON regiment of this division included 3 operational battalions (9 companies), an artillery-anti-aircraft battalion (2 batteries - anti-aircraft and mortar), 5 companies (reconnaissance, engineering, automobile, material support, guard of honor). The other 2 remaining divisions ( 55th and 95th) include 3-5 SM regiments, they may also have 3-6 departments. b-nov (including SM) and the SN detachment. There is no single staff of divisions, and each has its own organization, depending on the tasks. It can be assumed that these two divisions will also be reorganized (renamed) into brigades.
Dept. ON brigade may include several regiments (including ON/SM), they can have up to 8 battalions (including ON/SM), as well as a number of support battalions (reconnaissance, communications, engineer-sapper , repair and restoration, material support, medical), SN detachment and RCBZ company.
Several mobile ON brigades have 4 ON battalions (including 1 on an infantry fighting vehicle), an artillery and anti-aircraft base (mortars and ZU-23), and they have support companies. In 2016, there were 6 such brigades, and they were included in almost every district except the Ural and Siberian. Obviously, the number of such brigades will be increased, because they are better suited to combat air and sea landings, as well as special forces and for operations together with ground forces.
The strongest are ON brigade of the North Caucasus district of NG troops, incl., 46th Brigade, which had 3 regiments (2 ON and an artillery regiment), 8 battalions (5 ON and 3 SM), 6 support battalions (reconnaissance, communications, engineer-sapper, repair and restoration, material support, medical), a detachment of special forces and RKhBZ company. Other brigades in the district had: 47th – 2 SM regiments, 3 battalions (2 SM and ON), support battalions like the 46th brigade, 49th– 3 ON regiments, 3 battalions (2 ON and SM), support battalions like the 46th brigade, 50th– 3 regiments (2 ON and SM), a detachment of CH and a sapper battalion. In Crimea it was formed 112th brigade ON– 2 SM regiment, 2 battalions (ON and SM), SN detachment. Mobile brigades of battalion composition included: 22nd– 4 battalions ON, artillery-anti-aircraft base, 102nd– 3 barrels (2 OH and SM), art. Dr., detachment SN.
Brigades from other districts had: 63rd- regiment and naval detachment, 110th SM– 2 shelves (including 1 cm), 4 cm b-on, 35th– 3 regiments (including 1 SM and training), 1 SM battalion, 42nd and 82nd– 2 shelves each (including 1 OH), 91st– 2 shelves and 3 tanks (including 1 SM), 21st ON– 4 military bases (1 for infantry fighting vehicles, 1 for armored personnel carriers and 2 for vehicles), artillery and anti-aircraft base, 10 companies (reconnaissance, sniper, engineering, traffic control and commandant service, security, automobile, repair, material support, medical), RCBZ platoon, canine platoon, training center. Apparently, several more brigades will be transferred to such an organization.
In the year since the creation of the NG troops, relatively minor changes have occurred in their organization - several divisions were renamed into brigades, and several brigades into regiments. But at the same time, the level of motorization of connections has increased due to the arrival of vehicles. Almost every district now has a mobile brigade equipped with infantry fighting vehicles/armored personnel carriers, mortars and ZU-23.
Serious changes have occurred in the aviation of the NG troops over the year. 4 new air regiments and 1 squadron were formed. The regiments have not only helicopters (4 Mi-24, 6 Mi-8MTV-2 and 1-3 Mi-26T), but also transport aircraft (6 Il-76 and several An-26). At the same time, the 8 existing squadrons of 6 Mi-8MTV-2 helicopters were retained. Usually in the VNG district there is 1 squadron (in the Siberian 2), but the priority districts had more aviation (in the North Caucasus - 2 air regiments and 1 squadron, in the Central - an air regiment and 2 squadrons).
The composition, strength and operational structure of Russian Guard troop groups are still being clarified, and this is planned to be completed mainly by August 31, 2017, and finally by January 31, 2018.
TERRITORIAL BODIES OF ROSSGUARD(up to 50 thousand people) are included in the following federal districts:
In total, the Russian Guard has 84 territorial bodies (4 main directorates, 56 directorates and 24 departments).
Territorial authorities include:
Special Purpose Center for Rapid Reaction Forces and Aviation (TSSN SR) - These are territorial bodies of the Russian Guard at the interregional level. Since the OMON and SOBR had similar goals and objectives, the leadership of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs at one time came to the conclusion that in order to better organize and increase the efficiency of the operational and service (combat) activities of the special forces of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation, optimize the management of the forces and means of the OMON and SOBR they need to be united into a single Center. As a result, in 2011, as part of the ongoing reform of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs system, the TsSN SR was created in the cities of Novosibirsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Barnaul, Shchelkovo.
Now the TsSN SR Rosgvardia (Shchelkovo) is the body of the Russian Guard that carries out the implementation of the tasks assigned to the OMON "Zubr", SOBR "Lynx" and the aviation detachment of the SN "Yastreb". The center is operationally subordinate to the central apparatus of the Russian Guard.
The Rosgvardia SN Center for Moscow has the following tasks:
On normal days, the Center's fighters are used as force support groups in operations carried out by Moscow police officers.
OMON "Zubr" TsSN SR(Shchelkovo-7) was created in February 2006 in the Ministry of Internal Affairs on the basis of the OMON of the Central Internal Affairs Directorate for the Moscow Region that existed since 1988. He reported to the Minister of Internal Affairs. The staff of the OMON "Zubr" was made up of officers from the Moscow region OMON. The number of "Zubr" is about 430 people, it has an armored personnel carrier, a "Tiger" combat vehicle, helicopters and other special equipment, the squad includes snipers and dog handlers.
The main tasks of the "Zubr" riot police are to ensure the safety of citizens, law and order and public safety on the streets and in other public places, as well as during public events; prevention and suppression of crimes, participation in the fight against terrorist, sabotage and reconnaissance groups.
At the time of the creation of “Zubr,” a number of media outlets called it a special unit to combat the “Orange Revolution,” citing as evidence that the salaries of its fighters were 3-4 times higher than in other riot police. “Zubr” ensured order during the “March of Dissent” in Nizhny Novgorod, Ryazan, Moscow.
SOBR "Lynx" TsSN SR provides force support to units of the Russian Guard during special operations to free hostages, apprehend dangerous criminals, and combat banditry and terrorism. SOBR "Lynx" was founded in 1992 as a tactical operations department to solve special problems in the fight against organized crime. If necessary, squad officers can be quickly transported to the emergency area. For the redeployment of SOBR personnel, all means of transportation are available. The TsSN SR Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia has helicopters and planes ready to transfer a SOBR group to any point in the country. IN special cases the aviation of the NG troops is involved.
The training of employees is related to the performance of operational combat missions. Each department goes into service for a day. If there are no calls, then the employees train according to the combat training plan. The training of a Lynx employee includes mastery of different types weapons, hand-to-hand combat, parachute training, mountain training (mountaineering, rock climbing), work under water, psychological training. In addition to the main one, there are in-depth programs for specialized specialists: high-altitude climbers, snipers, sappers, drivers, combat swimmers, negotiators. All squad members undergo high-altitude training.
At least twice a year, a field trip is held for the detachment’s personnel. For these purposes, training centers of the Russian Guard, the Ministry of Internal Affairs or the Ministry of Defense are used.
SN Aviation Detachment "Hawk" TsSN SR provides support to the operations of the TsSN SR: transportation of the combat group to the site of the special operation, aerial reconnaissance and patrolling. The detachment is armed with Superjet-100 aircraft, Mi-8 and AS-355 Ecureuil helicopters, helicopter and aircraft-type UAVs.
SN aviation detachments (AOSN) in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The AOSN is armed with helicopters and helicopter- and aircraft-type UAVs. They are intended for aviation support for the activities of special forces units during activities related to the protection of public order, the fight against crime, and countering extremism and terrorism.
The AOSN includes 40 special purpose aviation detachments in Moscow, Kemerovo, Voronezh, Sverdlovsk, Murmansk, Rostov, Nizhny Novgorod, Astrakhan, Samara, Chelyabinsk, Tyumen, Omsk, Novosibirsk, Amur, Moscow region, St. Petersburg and Leningrad region; Transbaikal, Primorsky, Krasnoyarsk, Kamchatka, Krasnodar, Stavropol, Perm, Altai, Khabarovsk regions; The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Dagestan, Adygea, Ingushetia, Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Khakassia, Tyva, Crimea, Komi, North Ossetia - Alania, the Chechen, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Baikonur Cosmodrome.
Mobile special forces (OMON) - these are special units of the Russian Guard, involved in ensuring law and order and security, incl. at mass protests and events, as well as in “hot spots” in Russia. Riot police units are better armed than regular police and undergo special training. Now the riot police are being transferred to the Russian Guard.
In 2014, the number of riot police was 40 thousand people. consisting of 160 units.
The first 19 riot police units were created on October 3, 1988 - during the period of perestroika, when instability in society began to grow and the likelihood of mass unrest increased. By the end of the 1990s, OMON units already existed in all major cities of Russia with a population of over 500 thousand people. During the armed conflict in the North Caucasus, almost all regional OMON units went there on business trips, carrying out anti-terrorist measures.
First of all, riot police are aimed at dispersing demonstrations and rallies. In the event of an aggravation of the socio-political situation in various regions of the Russian Federation, riot police forces, together with SOBR and VV detachments, must regain control of the authorities over the situation, lost as a result of mass protests, terrorist attacks or armed rebellions.
Unlike the purely officer SOBR, most positions in the OMON are sergeants. Only commanders are officers.
Special Rapid Reaction Units (SOBR) - These are federal and regional special units of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, designed to combat organized crime. However, due to changes in the internal political situation, SOBRs may also be called upon to support riot police operations. Now SOBR is transferred to the Russian Guard.
In 2009, the number of SOBR was 5.2 thousand people. consisting of 87 units.
Unlike OMON, which works with offenders, hooligans and rioters, SOBR works against members of gangs and organized crime groups, armed criminals and hostage takers.
In addition to the actual forceful arrests of armed criminals and gang members, SOBR soldiers provide force support for operational search and investigative actions, protect witnesses, protect police officials and members of their families, release hostages and seized vehicles, and eliminate terrorist groups. Therefore, they often work together with employees of the Internal Troops and the FSB.
SOBRs are staffed by officers. Requirements for joining the unit are experience of serving as an operator in other police units and excellent physical fitness or the presence of a specialized higher education, military service in special forces and sports achievements (ranks in wrestling, sambo, judo, boxing, martial arts, shooting, etc.). P.)
SOBRs are formed by assault groups (divided into capture groups and cover groups). Cover groups include snipers, climbers (penetrating into premises from the roof or upper floors, if appropriate). The units also have bombers, whose activities are especially relevant during business trips to the North Caucasus.
Private security units (up to 238 thousand people)
Private security is a structural unit that provides services for the protection of objects of all forms of ownership, as well as apartments and other places of storage of personal property of citizens while maintaining the official functions of the National Guard. General and operational management is carried out by the Main Directorate of Private Security of the Russian Guard.
Territorial units of private security are deployed:
In total, there are 84 private security units (62 FGKU UVO and 22 OVO).
To organize security, technical means are used (volume and acoustic detectors, optical-electronic sensors, etc.), information from which is collected, for example, through the city telephone network. Information from technical security equipment is sent to the centralized security point and processed by the staff on duty.
The number of private security guards is up to 238 thousand people, including 125 thousand employees of the National Guard, 113 thousand employees of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Security" plus 100 thousand civilian employees - these are the duty officers of centralized control panels and employees of support units.
The structure of private security includes combat units staffed by certified employees; specialized combat units that carry out measures to protect property of all forms of ownership during its transportation (cargo escort), both on the property owner’s transport and on their own; centralized security points created to protect objects dispersed in the area for various purposes; operational control centers created by merging combat units and centralized security points.
The structure of private security also includes the SN Center for Private Security of the Russian Guard. The Center provides protection for objects of national importance included in the list of objects subject to mandatory protection, such as the General Prosecutor's Office, the Supreme Court, the Accounts Chamber, the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation, federal ministries, agencies and services, as well as a number of objects of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation.
The TsSN VO Rosgvardiya includes a combat unit (Special Regiment), 5 security departments and a unit in the Republic of Ingushetia (Karabulak).
FSUE Okhrana within the structure of the Ministry of Internal Affairs has always played the role of the main off-budget and not fully accountable source of income, which inevitably creates corruption risks. According to the charter, FSUE Okhrana of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia was a commercial organization and conducted its activities on the basis of agreements concluded with individuals and legal entities, private and government entities. In essence, this is a commercial police force, actively competing with private security companies. It has more than 1.2 million apartments, 190 thousand warehouses and another 500 thousand other objects under guard. Annual commercial income from private security is estimated at 15-20 billion rubles.
Divisions licensing and permitting work have the main task of monitoring compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of arms trafficking, private detective and security activities.
Higher education institutions include:
Medical organizations include 8 military hospitals (including the main clinical one) and the 7th clinical diagnostic center, as well as 7 federal state health care institutions sanatoriums (Russia, Solnechny, Fedosino, Manchzhur, Mercury, Ratnik " and Don") .
Yuri Barash,
member of the Expert Council of CIACR
Russian President Vladimir Putin is pursuing a radical reform of law enforcement agencies. On the basis of the internal troops, a fundamentally new, powerful power structure has been created - the Federal Service of the National Guard of the Russian Federation, which will receive broad powers.
What power structure was created in Russia
On April 5, President Vladimir Putin signed a decree transforming the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs into the national guard, reporting directly to the head of state.
In accordance with the document, in addition to the troops themselves, the private security structures of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise Okhrana, units exercising control in the field of private security activities, special rapid reaction units (SOBR), riot police, the Special Purpose Center for operational forces response and aviation.
It is expected that the reform will solve several problems at once: it will increase the level of law enforcement, optimize the budget of the law enforcement system and eliminate duplication of functions.
The tasks of the new service will include the fight against terrorism and organized crime; the National Guard will also continue to perform the functions that were performed by special units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Among other things, the service will be engaged in the protection of nuclear facilities.
The National Guard will be staffed not only by contract soldiers, but also by conscripts.
Media distribution and public speaking information about the locations of the command and control bodies of the National Guard in the Russian Federation, its military units and subunits is prohibited.
What powers will the National Guard receive?
According to the draft law sent to the State Duma, members of the National Guard will be able to use force and weapons without warning in the event of an immediate threat citizens or military personnel themselves.
As directed by the appropriate commander or his deputy water cannons and armored vehicles can be used followed by mandatory notification of the prosecutor within 24 hours from the moment of their use, if this is necessary to free hostages, seized buildings, premises, structures, vehicles and land, as well as to suppress riots.
Members of the National Guard of the Russian Federation will be able to:
check citizens' documents and detain them for no more than three hours suspected of encroaching on someone else's property;
conduct vehicle inspections;
enter the living quarters of citizens when performing combat service to ensure an emergency situation, to save the lives of citizens and public safety;
cordon off areas, including when suppressing riots;
in a state of emergency - prohibit the movement of cars and pedestrians, use citizens' cars to travel to the scene of an emergency or to pursue criminals;
use firearms when escaping persons sentenced to imprisonment committed with weapons or on vehicles, aircraft, sea or river vessels.
Who led the National Guard
Army General Viktor Zolotov, an acquaintance of Vladimir Putin from his work in St. Petersburg, has been appointed Director of the Federal Service of the National Guard Troops - Commander-in-Chief of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation.
Zolotov Viktor Vasilievich was born on January 27, 1954 in the city of Sasovo, Ryazan region. Graduated from the Law Institute and the General Staff Academy. Served in the border troops of the KGB of the USSR. In the 1970s–1990s, he was an employee of the 9th Directorate of the KGB of the USSR (currently the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation). On August 19, 1991, he guarded the President of the RSFSR Boris Yeltsin during his famous address to the Russians from a tank in front of the White House.
In the early 1990s, he provided personal security for the mayor of St. Petersburg Anatoly Sobchak and the first deputy chairman of the city government Vladimir Putin. In 1996, he was dismissed from the FSO. Worked in private security companies in St. Petersburg.
In 1999, he headed the security service of Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin. From 2000 to 2013, he served as Deputy Director of the FSO - Head of the Security Service of the President of the Russian Federation. In 2013 he moved to the Ministry of Internal Affairs. From September 2013 to May 2014 - Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. Since May 12, 2014, he was First Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation and Commander-in-Chief of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.
Who and what will be part of the National Guard
In accordance with the presidential decree, the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (number - about 170 thousand people) transformed into troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation.
The structure of the National Guard also includes:
management bodies and divisions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs exercising federal state control over the circulation of weapons and in the field of private security activities, as well as private security (including the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Security" of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation);
special rapid response units of the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (SOBR, 87 units, 5.2 thousand people);
special purpose mobile units of territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (OMON, 160 units, total 40 thousand people);
Special Purpose Center for Rapid Reaction Forces and Aviation of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, including:
special purpose mobile detachment "Zubr" - 421 people;
special rapid reaction squad "Lynx" - 200 people;
special purpose aviation squad "Yastreb" - 100 people;
aviation units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
The ranks of the National Guard can also be replenished by Cossack formations.
Military equipment in service with internal troops(data from the International Institute for Strategic Studies):
9 main battle tanks;
1650 BMP-1, BMP-2 and BTR-80;
35 artillery installations;
29 aircraft - 9 Il-76, 2 An-12, 12 An-26, 6 An-72;
70 helicopters - 10 Mi-26, 60 Mi-8.
Automotive technology(data from the Ministry of Internal Affairs):
UAZ-31519 Hunter;
KamAZ-5350;
Ural-4320–0911–60;
Ural-32552–3013–79 “Watch”;
Ural-4320 "Federal-42590";
armored vehicles SBM VPK-233136 "Tiger".
World experience in creating national guards
National Guard USA formed in 1903 as an organized reserve of the United States Armed Forces. National Guard units operate in all American states, subordinate to the federal center and state authorities. The total number is more than 460 thousand people. Service in it is carried out on a voluntary basis, as a rule, while maintaining their main place of work.
Every year, about 60 thousand men and women enter the service, they undergo a course - 192 hours of training, in addition to this, they participate in exercises with regular units of the Armed Forces. Guardsmen are mobilized both individually and en masse to eliminate emergencies or maintain law and order in the event of unrest.
By decision of the President, the National Guard may be used to provide military support to the US Army and Air Force, including abroad. Thus, since 2001, more than 300 thousand National Guard soldiers have been involved in the war in Afghanistan. In 2005, 43 thousand guardsmen eliminated the consequences of Hurricane Katrina.
National Republican Guard Portugal created in 1911. Number of people: 26 thousand people. Formed on a professional basis. In peacetime, it performs the functions of a gendarmerie, subordinate to the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Engaged in patrolling highways and strategic sites primarily outside large cities. Guardsmen also participate in rescue operations, the coast guard, and fight tax and customs crimes. The National Guard can also be transferred to the command of the Army General Staff to carry out combat missions.
National Guard Ukraine was created in 1991 on the basis of the internal troops of the Ukrainian SSR, disbanded in 2000 and then recreated in March 2014 as a military formation with law enforcement functions on the basis of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The total number is 42 thousand military personnel, about a third of them serve under contract.
More than 75% of the National Guard were involved in combat operations in eastern Ukraine. The National Guard also includes several volunteer operational battalions.
National Guard Kazakhstan was created in 2014 as a result of the liquidation of internal troops, subordinate to the republican Ministry of Internal Affairs. The number of units is not disclosed. The functions of the Kazakh National Guard basically coincide with the functions of the Russian internal troops. The National Guard also includes military police.
Evgeny Kozichev, Mikhail Malaev, Dmitry Shelkovnikov
The National Guard of Russia (the full name is the Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation) is an executive body formed on the basis of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. The NG is called upon to ensure an adequate level of state and public security, to guard law and order, the rule of law and the constitutional order. Presidential Decree No. 157, which contained a resolution on the formation of troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation, came into force on April 5, 2016.
In Russia, NG as such has never existed. The first mention of the possibility of its formation appeared in 2002. Then it was said that NG should become the successor to the VV of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. And in 2012, information appeared in the press that the Ministry of Defense had already begun discussing the concept of creating an NG and it was planned that it would include troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Airborne Forces, Air Force, Navy and Ministry of Emergency Situations.
In 2014, a proposal regarding the formation of the National Guard of the Russian Federation appeared on the Internet portal of the ROI - Russian Public Initiative. All interested citizens of the Russian Federation took part in the survey, and the result was telling - the majority supported the proposal.
The opinion of the people and the state coincided, especially since, according to the President of the Russian Federation, reforming the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation had been discussed for a long time. The result of such work was the adoption of the Presidential Decree of 04/05/2016, according to which a new state power structure was created in Russia from the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The legal act contains basic provisions regarding the formation, structure and powers of the National Guard of the Russian Federation.
Such a decision was expedient and quite natural, because similar military formations exist in many countries, including the USA, Latvia, Spain, Ukraine, Georgia, etc. The appearance of NG in Russia was a matter of time. In addition, the fact that the guard is directly subordinate to the President of the country, and not to the head of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, like other branches of the internal troops, is of fundamental importance.
Victor Vasilievich Zolotov(Army General) - Director of the Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation (since April 5, 2016)
Sergei Viktorovich Bunin(Colonel General) - Chief of the Main Staff of the National Guard of the Russian Federation (since April 5, 2016)
V. Putin, in his comments regarding the adopted Decree, noted that the NG was created with the aim of combating terrorism and organized crime, and will work in close cooperation with the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, as well as perform functions that were previously assigned directly to the riot police and special forces.
V. Zolotov was placed at the head of the troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation, who, until taking up his new position, served as Commander-in-Chief of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. His new appointment is identical to the status of a federal minister.
The goal of the Russian Guard is to optimize and increase the efficiency of the activities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, as well as rationalize budget funds for the maintenance of law enforcement agencies. Last fact due to the fact that the formation of National Guard units does not require the recruitment of additional troops. They are formed from employees of existing units of the law enforcement agencies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.
In addition to SOBR and OMON, the NG of Russia includes:
Private security of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation;
Aviation of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation;
FSUE "Security";
Units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for control over the circulation of weapons and private security activities.
The number of members of the NG RF may be 400 thousand people. The transfer of employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs to the ranks of the National Guard is carried out with full preservation of their existing awards and social guarantees. It is noteworthy that in order to balance such an outflow of people from the structure of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the head of state decided to transfer the FMS and the drug control service, which were previously separate structures, to the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
The functions of the National Guard of the Russian Federation are very broad:
Maintaining public order;
Conducting a full-scale fight against terrorist and extremist groups and entities;
Territorial defense of the country;
Protection of government facilities and critical cargo;
Assistance to the FSB in organizing the protection of border areas;
Regulation and control of private security activities;
Conducting private security;
Fight against organized crime;
Implementation of state policy in the field of arms trafficking;
Suppression of unauthorized large-scale actions, etc.
In addition, it is obvious that if martial law is introduced, the guard will be tasked with organizing rear protection and protecting the country’s communications, countering sabotage and reconnaissance groups, performing garrison service, etc. Simply put, the main task of the NG is to protect the country from external and internal enemies and protect the constitutional order, as well as the rights and freedoms of Russian citizens.
An interesting fact is that in our state there has already been an attempt to form the National Guard. In a difficult year for the country in 1991, B. Yeltsin at the August session of the Supreme Council put forward the initiative to create the Russian Guard in order to ensure the protection of the constitutional system and provide society with guarantees of law and order. To develop the concept of the future structure, a commission was formed from people's deputies, representatives of law enforcement agencies and state committees under the leadership of Vice President A. Rutsky.
The developers focused on the parallel existence of the new type of troops with the USSR Armed Forces, law enforcement agencies of the USSR and the RSFSR and other government bodies. Work on the project lasted 2 months, after which the commission presented B. Yeltsin general structure the future guard, which included the organizational foundations, locations, composition of the control headquarters, special departments, brigades, etc. It was planned that the formation of troops would be carried out from the operational units of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the RSFSR.
At the Supreme Council, the presented developments were approved by the majority of those present. However, the matter never came to official approval. The tense situation in the country and the confrontation between oppositions pushed into the background the project to create a people's guard. Moreover, very quickly attention statesmen switched to a new structure - the Ministry of Emergency Situations.
Be that as it may, everything has its time. At that time, the creation of such troops was premature and inappropriate due to the unstable situation within the country. Now the time has come to organize a new force that will guard law and order and justice. Now Russia has its own National Guard.
This section describes the stages of the creation of paramilitary forces under law enforcement agencies in the Russian Tsardom and the Russian Empire, revealing some historical parallels with modern times.
The beginning of the formation of the oprichnina army can be considered the same year 1565, when a detachment of 1000 people selected from the “oprichnina” districts was formed. Subsequently, the number of “oprichniks” reached 6,000 people. The Oprichnina Army also included detachments of archers from the oprichnina territories. But these are not residents. Tsar Ivan the Terrible introduced the institution of so-called “tenants” to “protect Moscow.” According to the orders of the governor, nobles were sent to “live in the capital”, who made up an army of up to 3,000 people, they changed every three months. The functions of maintaining public order until 1565 were performed by the guardsmen. Then the king created a special “oprichnina army” from them. Subsequently, “residential regiments” were stationed in the southern cities of the then Russian kingdom, which served as a kind of border guard.
"Residential regiments" were replaced by Peter the Great with "garrison troops", a special type of troops, consisting of the former city archers, soldiers, reiters and from people of the new regular regiments incapable (old, married, etc.) for field service. Until this time, their functions were performed by the royal infantry and city Cossacks.
Internal troops of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs were created in 1992 [ ] after the collapse of the USSR. The troops included all former formations of the Internal Troops of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs, stationed on the territory of the RSFSR.
The idea of creating a national guard arose in the early 1990s, in particular, the Vice President of Russia (1991-1993) A. Rutskoy told the RBC TV channel.
The troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation were transformed from the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia by decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated April 5, 2016. The legal basis for the activities of the Russian Guard is regulated Federal law RF dated 07/03/2016 No. 226-FZ “On the troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation” (adopted by the State Duma of the Russian Federation on June 22, 2016, approved by the Federation Council of the Russian Federation on June 29, 2016, signed by the President of the Russian Federation on July 3, 2016).
The National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation are entrusted with the following main tasks:
National Guard troops may be assigned other tasks by decisions of the President of the Russian Federation adopted in accordance with federal constitutional laws and federal laws.
The troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation were transformed from the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia while maintaining the structure of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and are headed by the Director of the Russian Guard - the Commander-in-Chief of the troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation.
Until 2018, it is planned to transfer to military service in the National Guard troops of employees serving in the special forces of SOBR and OMON of the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the TsSN SOR and aviation of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and aviation units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, which are operationally subordinate to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and the relevant heads of territorial bodies Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. During organizational and staffing events, Special attention during reorganization into the National Guard troops will be given to the highest public education officers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, their diplomas, faculties (specialties) and educational institutions.
By presidential decree, the staffing level of the central office is 2,100 employees.
| Name | Rank | Date of appointment | Date of dismissal | Job title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Victor Vasilievich Zolotov | Army General |
|||
 Colonel General of Police |
from May 20, 2016 | Until now | Chief of the Main Staff of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation | |
| Sergey Alimovich Melikov |  Colonel General |
from July 28, 2016 | Until now | First Deputy Director of the Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation - Commander-in-Chief of the National Guard Troops of Russia |
| Oleg Borisovich Borukaev | Lieutenant General |
from June 30, 2016 | Until now | Deputy Director Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation |
| Sergey Alexandrovich Erygin | Lieutenant General |
from June 30, 2016 | Until now | Deputy Director Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation |
| Alexander Ivanovich Afinogentov |  Lieutenant General |
from October 13, 2016 | Until now | Deputy Director Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation in aviation - head of the aviation department of the Russian National Guard |
To control military units (units), districts of national guard troops operate in the territories, as a rule, of the federal districts of Russia of the same name.
The exception is Eastern District of National Guard Troops, which manages military units (units) stationed in the Far Eastern Federal District, as well as North Caucasus District of National Guard Troops, whose area of responsibility includes the South and North Caucasus. In total, 7 districts of national guard troops have been created in 9 federal districts.
Names of districts and cities in which they are located:
Directly subordinate to the Central Office of the FSVNG is the oldest formation stationed in the Moscow region - the Separate Operational Division of the National Guard Troops (ODON VNG). This division was previously, until 1994, known as OMSDON. In total, the division has more than ten thousand personnel, hundreds of armored vehicles, helicopters and artillery. Units of the division took part in special operations that took place in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Nagorno-Karabakh, Central Asia, North Ossetia, Chechnya, Dagestan. Currently, the division's combined units continue to participate in counter-terrorism operations in the North Caucasus. For the courage and heroism shown in the performance of military duty, thousands of soldiers and officers of the division were awarded military orders and medals, and 19 were awarded the title Hero of the Russian Federation. Military personnel of the division, together with units of the Main Internal Affairs Directorate for the city of Moscow and the Main Internal Affairs Directorate for the Moscow Region, serve to protect public order and ensure public safety during socio-political, cultural, and sports events, and patrol duty in Moscow and the Moscow Region. The parade squad of ODON traditionally represents Russian National Guard troops at the Victory Parades on Red Square. Units of the division take part in ceremonial events dedicated to the Day of Remembrance and Sorrow on June 22 and the parade on November 7, 1941.
Also, at the Military University of the Russian Ministry of Defense there is a faculty that trained officers for the Russian National Guard troops.
The National Guard troops provide:
The recruitment of the National Guard troops is carried out through the voluntary entry of citizens of the Russian Federation into military service, conscription for military service on an extraterritorial basis, as well as federal government civil servants and workers.
Nikolay Sysoev. Personal guard of Yakov Sverdlov. www.sovsekretno.ru/articles/id/594
Pelageya Danilovna Melyukova, a broad, energetic woman, wearing glasses and a swinging hood, was sitting in the living room, surrounded by her daughters, whom she tried not to let get bored. They were quietly pouring wax and looking at the shadows of the emerging figures when the footsteps and voices of visitors began to rustle in the hall.
Hussars, ladies, witches, payassas, bears, clearing their throats and wiping their frost-covered faces in the hallway, entered the hall, where candles were hastily lit. The clown - Dimmler and the lady - Nikolai opened the dance. Surrounded by screaming children, the mummers, covering their faces and changing their voices, bowed to the hostess and positioned themselves around the room.
- Oh, it’s impossible to find out! And Natasha! Look who she looks like! Really, it reminds me of someone. Eduard Karlych is so good! I didn't recognize it. Yes, how she dances! Oh, fathers, and some kind of Circassian; right, how it suits Sonyushka. Who else is this? Well, they consoled me! Take the tables, Nikita, Vanya. And we sat so quietly!
- Ha ha ha!... Hussar this, hussar that! Just like a boy, and his legs!... I can’t see... - voices were heard.
Natasha, the favorite of the young Melyukovs, disappeared with them into the back rooms, where they needed cork and various dressing gowns and men's dresses, which through the open door received the naked girlish hands from the footman. Ten minutes later, all the youth of the Melyukov family joined the mummers.
Pelageya Danilovna, having ordered the clearing of the place for the guests and refreshments for the gentlemen and servants, without taking off her glasses, with a restrained smile, walked among the mummers, looking closely into their faces and not recognizing anyone. Not only did she not recognize the Rostovs and Dimmler, but she also could not recognize either her daughters or her husband’s robes and uniforms that they were wearing.
-Whose is this? - she said, turning to her governess and looking into the face of her daughter, who represented the Kazan Tatar. - It seems like someone from Rostov. Well, Mr. Hussar, what regiment do you serve in? – she asked Natasha. “Give the Turk, give the Turk some marshmallows,” she said to the bartender who was serving them: “this is not prohibited by their law.”
Sometimes, looking at the strange but funny steps performed by the dancers, who had decided once and for all that they were dressed up, that no one would recognize them and therefore were not embarrassed, Pelageya Danilovna covered herself with a scarf, and her entire corpulent body shook from the uncontrollable, kind, old lady’s laughter . - Sashinet is mine, Sashinet is that! - she said.
After Russian dances and round dances, Pelageya Danilovna united all the servants and gentlemen together, in one large circle; They brought a ring, a string and a ruble, and general games were arranged.
An hour later, all the suits were wrinkled and upset. Cork mustaches and eyebrows were smeared across sweaty, flushed and cheerful faces. Pelageya Danilovna began to recognize the mummers, admired how well the costumes were made, how they suited especially the young ladies, and thanked everyone for making her so happy. The guests were invited to dine in the living room, and the courtyard was served in the hall.
- No, guessing in the bathhouse, that’s scary! - said the old girl who lived with the Melyukovs at dinner.
- From what? – asked the eldest daughter of the Melyukovs.
- Don’t go, you need courage...
“I’ll go,” said Sonya.
- Tell me, how was it with the young lady? - said the second Melyukova.
“Yes, just like that, one young lady went,” said the old girl, “she took a rooster, two utensils, and sat down properly.” She sat there, just heard, suddenly she was driving... with bells, with bells, a sleigh drove up; hears, comes. He comes in completely in human form, like an officer, he came and sat down with her at the device.
- A! Ah!...” Natasha screamed, rolling her eyes in horror.
- How can he say that?
- Yes, as a person, everything is as it should be, and he began and began to persuade, and she should have occupied him with conversation until the roosters; and she became shy; – she just became shy and covered herself with her hands. He picked it up. It's good that the girls came running...
- Well, why scare them! - said Pelageya Danilovna.
“Mother, you yourself were guessing...” said the daughter.
- How do they tell fortunes in the barn? – asked Sonya.
- Well, at least now, they’ll go to the barn and listen. What will you hear: hammering, knocking - bad, but pouring bread - this is good; and then it happens...
- Mom, tell me what happened to you in the barn?
Pelageya Danilovna smiled.
“Oh, well, I forgot…” she said. - You won’t go, will you?
- No, I'll go; Pepageya Danilovna, let me in, I’ll go,” said Sonya.
- Well, if you're not afraid.
- Luiza Ivanovna, may I? – asked Sonya.
Whether they were playing ring, string or ruble, or talking, as now, Nikolai did not leave Sonya and looked at her with completely new eyes. It seemed to him that today, only for the first time, thanks to that corky mustache, he fully recognized her. Sonya really was cheerful, lively and beautiful that evening, like Nikolai had never seen her before.
“So that’s what she is, and I’m a fool!” he thought, looking at her sparkling eyes and her happy, enthusiastic smile, making dimples on her cheeks from under her mustache, a smile that he had never seen before.
“I’m not afraid of anything,” said Sonya. - Can I do it now? - She stood up. They told Sonya where the barn was, how she could stand silently and listen, and they gave her a fur coat. She threw it over her head and looked at Nikolai.
“What a beauty this girl is!” he thought. “And what have I been thinking about so far!”
Sonya went out into the corridor to go to the barn. Nikolai hurriedly went to the front porch, saying that he was hot. Indeed, the house was stuffy from the crowded people.
It was the same motionless cold outside, the same month, only it was even lighter. The light was so strong and there were so many stars on the snow that I didn’t want to look at the sky, and the real stars were invisible. In the sky it was black and boring, on earth it was fun.
“I’m a fool, a fool! What have you been waiting for so far? thought Nikolai and, running onto the porch, he walked around the corner of the house along the path that led to the back porch. He knew that Sonya would come here. Halfway along the road there were stacked fathoms of firewood, there was snow on them, and a shadow fell from them; through them and from their sides, intertwining, the shadows of old bare linden trees fell onto the snow and the path. The path led to the barn. A chopped barn wall and a roof covered with snow, as if carved from some kind of gemstone, sparkled in the monthly light. A tree cracked in the garden, and again everything was completely silent. The chest seemed to breathe not air, but some kind of eternally youthful strength and joy.
Feet clattered on the steps from the maiden porch, there was a loud creaking sound on the last one, which was covered with snow, and the voice of an old girl said:
- Straight, straight, along the path, young lady. Just don't look back.
“I’m not afraid,” answered Sonya’s voice, and Sonya’s legs squealed and whistled in her thin shoes along the path, towards Nikolai.
Sonya walked wrapped in a fur coat. She was already two steps away when she saw him; She also saw him not as she knew him and as she had always been a little afraid. He was in women's dress with tangled hair and a happy and new smile for Sonya. Sonya quickly ran up to him.
“Completely different, and still the same,” thought Nikolai, looking at her face, all illuminated by moonlight. He put his hands under the fur coat that covered her head, hugged her, pressed her to him and kissed her on the lips, above which there was a mustache and from which there was a smell of burnt cork. Sonya kissed him in the very center of his lips and, extending her small hands, took his cheeks on both sides.
“Sonya!... Nicolas!...” they just said. They ran to the barn and returned each from their own porch.
When everyone drove back from Pelageya Danilovna, Natasha, who always saw and noticed everything, arranged the accommodation in such a way that Luiza Ivanovna and she sat in the sleigh with Dimmler, and Sonya sat with Nikolai and the girls.
Nikolai, no longer overtaking, rode smoothly on the way back, and still peering at Sonya in this strange moonlight, looking for in this ever-changing light, from under his eyebrows and mustache, that former and present Sonya, with whom he had decided never again to be separated. He peered, and when he recognized the same and the other and remembered, hearing that smell of cork, mixed with the feeling of a kiss, he deeply inhaled the frosty air and, looking at the receding earth and the brilliant sky, he felt himself again in a magical kingdom.
- Sonya, are you okay? – he asked occasionally.
“Yes,” answered Sonya. - And you?
In the middle of the road, Nikolai let the coachman hold the horses, ran up to Natasha’s sleigh for a moment and stood on the lead.
“Natasha,” he told her in a whisper in French, “you know, I’ve made up my mind about Sonya.”
-Did you tell her? – Natasha asked, suddenly beaming with joy.
- Oh, how strange you are with those mustaches and eyebrows, Natasha! Are you glad?
– I’m so glad, so glad! I was already angry with you. I didn't tell you, but you treated her badly. This is such a heart, Nicolas. I am so glad! “I can be nasty, but I was ashamed to be the only happy one without Sonya,” Natasha continued. “Now I’m so glad, well, run to her.”
- No, wait, oh, how funny you are! - said Nikolai, still peering at her, and in his sister, too, finding something new, extraordinary and charmingly tender, which he had never seen in her before. - Natasha, something magical. A?
“Yes,” she answered, “you did great.”
“If I had seen her before as she is now,” thought Nikolai, “I would have asked long ago what to do and would have done whatever she ordered, and everything would have been fine.”
“So you’re happy, and I did good?”
- Oh, so good! I recently quarreled with my mother over this. Mom said she's catching you. How can you say this? I almost got into a fight with my mom. And I will never allow anyone to say or think anything bad about her, because there is only good in her.
- So good? - Nikolai said, once again looking for the expression on his sister’s face to find out if it was true, and, squeaking with his boots, he jumped off the slope and ran to his sleigh. The same happy, smiling Circassian, with a mustache and sparkling eyes, looking out from under a sable hood, was sitting there, and this Circassian was Sonya, and this Sonya was probably his future, happy and loving wife.
Arriving home and telling their mother about how they spent time with the Melyukovs, the young ladies went home. Having undressed, but without erasing their cork mustaches, they sat for a long time, talking about their happiness. They talked about how they would live married, how their husbands would be friends and how happy they would be.
On Natasha’s table there were mirrors that Dunyasha had prepared since the evening. - Just when will all this happen? I'm afraid I never... That would be too good! – Natasha said getting up and going to the mirrors.
“Sit down, Natasha, maybe you’ll see him,” said Sonya. Natasha lit the candles and sat down. “I see someone with a mustache,” said Natasha, who saw her face.
“Don’t laugh, young lady,” Dunyasha said.
With the help of Sonya and the maid, Natasha found the position of the mirror; her face took on a serious expression and she fell silent. She sat for a long time, looking at the row of receding candles in the mirrors, assuming (based on the stories she had heard) that she would see the coffin, that she would see him, Prince Andrei, in this last, merging, vague square. But no matter how ready she was to mistake the slightest spot for the image of a person or a coffin, she saw nothing. She began to blink frequently and moved away from the mirror.
- Why do others see, but I don’t see anything? - she said. - Well, sit down, Sonya; “Nowadays you definitely need it,” she said. – Only for me... I’m so scared today!
Sonya sat down at the mirror, adjusted her position, and began to look.
“They’ll definitely see Sofya Alexandrovna,” Dunyasha said in a whisper; - and you keep laughing.
Sonya heard these words, and heard Natasha say in a whisper:
“And I know that she will see; she saw last year too.
For about three minutes everyone was silent. “Certainly!” Natasha whispered and didn’t finish... Suddenly Sonya moved away the mirror she was holding and covered her eyes with her hand.
- Oh, Natasha! - she said.
– Did you see it? Did you see it? What did you see? – Natasha screamed, holding up the mirror.
Sonya didn’t see anything, she just wanted to blink her eyes and get up when she heard Natasha’s voice saying “definitely”... She didn’t want to deceive either Dunyasha or Natasha, and it was hard to sit. She herself did not know how or why a cry escaped her when she covered her eyes with her hand.
– Did you see him? – Natasha asked, grabbing her hand.
- Yes. Wait... I... saw him,” Sonya said involuntarily, not yet knowing who Natasha meant by the word “him”: him - Nikolai or him - Andrey.
“But why shouldn’t I say what I saw? After all, others see! And who can convict me of what I saw or did not see? flashed through Sonya's head.
“Yes, I saw him,” she said.
- How? How? Is it standing or lying down?
- No, I saw... Then there was nothing, suddenly I see that he is lying.
– Andrey is lying down? He is sick? – Natasha asked, looking at her friend with fearful, stopped eyes.
- No, on the contrary, - on the contrary, a cheerful face, and he turned to me - and at that moment as she spoke, it seemed to her that she saw what she was saying.
- Well, then, Sonya?...
– I didn’t notice something blue and red here...
- Sonya! when will he return? When I see him! My God, how I’m afraid for him and for myself, and for everything I’m afraid...” Natasha spoke, and without answering a word to Sonya’s consolations, she went to bed and long after the candle had been put out, with with open eyes, lay motionless on the bed and looked at the frosty moonlight through the frozen windows.
Soon after Christmas, Nikolai announced to his mother his love for Sonya and his firm decision to marry her. The Countess, who had long noticed what was happening between Sonya and Nikolai and was expecting this explanation, silently listened to his words and told her son that he could marry whomever he wanted; but that neither she nor his father would give him his blessing for such a marriage. For the first time, Nikolai felt that his mother was unhappy with him, that despite all her love for him, she would not give in to him. She, coldly and without looking at her son, sent for her husband; and when he arrived, the countess wanted to briefly and coldly tell him what was the matter in the presence of Nicholas, but she could not resist: she cried tears of frustration and left the room. The old count began to hesitantly admonish Nicholas and ask him to abandon his intention. Nicholas replied that he could not change his word, and the father, sighing and obviously embarrassed, very soon interrupted his speech and went to the countess. In all his clashes with his son, the count was never left with the consciousness of his guilt towards him for the breakdown of affairs, and therefore he could not be angry with his son for refusing to marry a rich bride and for choosing the dowryless Sonya - only in this case did he more vividly remember what, if things weren’t upset, it would be impossible to wish for a better wife for Nikolai than Sonya; and that only he and his Mitenka and his irresistible habits are to blame for the disorder of affairs.
The father and mother no longer spoke about this matter with their son; but a few days after this, the countess called Sonya to her and with cruelty that neither one nor the other expected, the countess reproached her niece for luring her son and for ingratitude. Sonya, silently with downcast eyes, listened to the countess’s cruel words and did not understand what was required of her. She was ready to sacrifice everything for her benefactors. The thought of self-sacrifice was her favorite thought; but in this case she could not understand to whom and what she needed to sacrifice. She could not help but love the Countess and the entire Rostov family, but she also could not help but love Nikolai and not know that his happiness depended on this love. She was silent and sad and did not answer. Nikolai, as it seemed to him, could not bear this situation any longer and went to explain himself to his mother. Nikolai either begged his mother to forgive him and Sonya and agree to their marriage, or threatened his mother that if Sonya was persecuted, he would immediately marry her secretly.
The countess, with a coldness that her son had never seen, answered him that he was of age, that Prince Andrei was marrying without his father’s consent, and that he could do the same, but that she would never recognize this intriguer as her daughter.
Exploded by the word intriguer, Nikolai, raising his voice, told his mother that he never thought that she would force him to sell his feelings, and that if this was so, then this would be the last time he spoke... But he did not have time to say that decisive word, which, judging by the expression on his face, his mother was waiting in horror and which, perhaps, would forever remain a cruel memory between them. He did not have time to finish, because Natasha, with a pale and serious face, entered the room from the door where she had been eavesdropping.
- Nikolinka, you are talking nonsense, shut up, shut up! I’m telling you, shut up!.. – she almost shouted to drown out his voice.
“Mom, my dear, this is not at all because... my poor darling,” she turned to the mother, who, feeling on the verge of breaking, looked at her son with horror, but, due to stubbornness and enthusiasm for the struggle, did not want and could not give up.
“Nikolinka, I’ll explain it to you, you go away - listen, mother dear,” she said to her mother.
Her words were meaningless; but they achieved the result she was striving for.
The countess, sobbing heavily, hid her face in her daughter's chest, and Nikolai stood up, grabbed his head and left the room.
Natasha took up the matter of reconciliation and brought it to the point that Nikolai received a promise from his mother that Sonya would not be oppressed, and he himself made a promise that he would not do anything secretly from his parents.
With the firm intention, having settled his affairs in the regiment, to resign, come and marry Sonya, Nikolai, sad and serious, at odds with his family, but, as it seemed to him, passionately in love, left for the regiment in early January.
After Nikolai's departure, the Rostovs' house became sadder than ever. The Countess became ill from mental disorder.
Sonya was sad both from the separation from Nikolai and even more from the hostile tone with which the countess could not help but treat her. The Count was more than ever concerned about the bad state of affairs, which required some drastic measures. It was necessary to sell a Moscow house and a house near Moscow, and to sell the house it was necessary to go to Moscow. But the countess’s health forced her to postpone her departure from day to day.
Natasha, who had easily and even cheerfully endured the first time of separation from her fiancé, now became more excited and impatient every day. The thought that it is so, in vain, lost for no one best time, which she would have used to love him, tormented her relentlessly. Most of his letters angered her. It was insulting to her to think that while she lived only in the thought of him, he lived a real life, saw new places, new people that were interesting to him. The more entertaining his letters were, the more annoying she was. Her letters to him not only did not bring her any comfort, but seemed like a boring and false duty. She did not know how to write because she could not comprehend the possibility of truthfully expressing in writing even one thousandth part of what she was accustomed to express with her voice, smile and gaze. She wrote him classically monotonous, dry letters, to which she herself did not attribute any meaning and in which, according to Brouillons, the countess corrected her spelling errors.
