The construction of two-story private houses in our time is no longer a luxury, as in them. It is easier to complete the second floor than to make an extension to the house. The construction of the second floor will take less time and money.
Plus, you save space in your yard. The extension of the second floor determines the installation of a staircase that can be used to climb up. To properly install and make a ladder
in your home, you need to know at least the basic GOSTs for the manufacture of steps for stairs, as well as the benefits of using. Let's take a closer look in this article, what should be the steps on the stairs and its dimensions.
The staircase is part of the exterior of the house, as is the iron door, the insulation of which we wrote about. Her appearance will depend on her beauty. And if it is made in haste, and even without GOSTs and standards, then from such a ladder you can only get injured and upset, rather than pleasure.
Carelessly made steps without measurements contribute to a decrease in structural strength.
Stairs are made of materials such as metal and wood. Wooden ones are more popular, they have their own number of advantages. Perhaps the manufacture of stairs using both metal and wood, this type is called combined with the predominance of any material. Measurements for the manufacture of such stairs are considered very complex. The manufacture of stairs from different types of wood has a simpler design and, accordingly, measurement methods.
Scheme of a convenient staircase with designations of elements From the correct measurement and calculation for the manufacture of stairs depends on its functionality and safety. After all, children will also use this staircase, and an improperly planned staircase design can lead to tragic consequences. If you decide to make a staircase with your own hands, then first you need to study everything according to the calculation, measurements and manufacturing principle. You can turn to specialists for help or advice so as not to spoil the material.
The calculation of the dimensions of the stairs is very important, because the manufacture of any structure begins with calculations and measurements, as is the case with.
To ensure optimal parameters for the convenience and safety of the staircase design, it is necessary to calculate the number of steps and their dimensions.
The steps are a rectangular shape of different thicknesses. The thickness often depends on the material from which the steps are made. The step consists of a tread - this is the part on which the foot stands, and a riser - the rear vertical structural element of the stairs. In order to correctly calculate and plan, you need to know the height to which the ladder will be installed. This height is measured from the floor of the lower floor to the floor of the upper one. The height of the tread depends on the distances of the risers.
Before carrying out the calculation, it is necessary to find out how many steps must be used in the design. The selection of the number of steps is carried out according to the table. To determine the number of steps, you need the height from the floor of the first floor to the floor of the second floor.
Table for calculating the optimal number of steps The calculation of the degrees on the stairs is also carried out according to the traditional rule of thumb and according to safety standards, as is the case with the plinth vinyl siding, which we wrote about here. To ensure maximum walking comfort on steps, the length of the tread surface should be about 350 mm and the height of the riser 200 mm. The cut of the tread, which is located at the end of the step, should not exceed 50 mm. This excess will contribute to the engagement of the toe on the ascent and the inconvenience of the descent.
The length of the tread surface for winder stairs must be at least 100 mm. This is necessary to ensure the normal installation of the foot on the step. There is an algorithm for calculating the height and width of steps for a standard staircase: a+b= 450/470 mm, where
The tread is designed to rest on her feet to take a step. To ensure safe footing on a step, the tread should be from 200 to 320 mm. What contributes to the optimal size for normal walking on the stairs. If you increase the width of the tread above 350 mm, then there will be a risk of falling down the stairs, due to the fact that the step will go astray.
It is important to know that such a ladder is considered safe if the tread width is more than 150 mm.
You can practically calculate the width of the tread. A person stands on a step so that the toe of his foot hangs down a little. When the toe hangs down to 1 cm, then such a ladder is absolutely safe. If the sock hangs more than 1.5 cm, it is necessary to redesign the stairs.
Knowing the main dimensions of the steps and treads, work is underway to manufacture the stairs. These dimensions of the width of the steps and the height of the misconduct comply with GOST standards. Installation of steps is carried out at a right angle of 90 degrees relative to each other.
A carefully planned and calculated ladder will last for many years and will prevent you from falling, twisting your legs or stumbling.
Calculation of the standard slope of the flight of stairs To determine the length of the stairs, you need to know the angle of the slope of the march. To determine this slope, you need to know the purpose of the stairs. The table shows a list of standard slopes.
The standard size of the staircase is 70 cm wide. This width allows an adult to move freely up the stairs in two directions. But it should also be taken into account that if the stairs will be in frequent demand, and it may be necessary to move furniture, then it is better to use the stairs with standards from 1.25 - 1.5 m. Two people can move freely on such a ladder.
The height of the step plays a big role in the speed of ascent to the top floor, as well as the descent from top to bottom. Stairs with frequent steps will significantly increase the path of ascent. If you overdo it and make high steps, then this will cause the ascent to the top to be very painful. Since you have to raise your leg very high to take a step forward, and then raise your body to this height. Therefore, there is a standard size between the steps, which is from 120 to 200 mm.
The steps also have their standard sizes, as well as. Step confidence depends on the step depth during ascent and descent. Too narrow a step is dangerous for injury, and a wide step will lead to irrational use of space in the room. According to the standard, it is customary to consider the depth of the step from 250 to 300 mm.
There are stairs with turning steps, on which the dimensions of the steps are chosen according to the optimal requirements of comfort and safety.
Non-standard sizes include all other types of stairs.
It is important to remember that stairs with non-standard step sizes can lead to injury. Therefore, use calculations or use standard sizes, as in the calculation. Ladders of non-standard sizes are often used if the installation of standard ones is impossible.
The reasons may be: lack of or saving space or rare use of the stairs. It is forbidden to install non-standard sizes of stairs in production, in public places and educational institutions.
Working with standard types of stairs is divided into stages. The work consists in performing the following actions:
Requirements for stairs that are installed in the house e:
Stair steps made according to GOST standards Known parameters for calculating stairs contribute to the installation of stairs with your own hands. Knowing how to carry out the calculation, how many steps to choose correctly, you can freely make a staircase. And it is worth remembering that at the slightest doubt, seek help from professionals, because it is better to prevent a mistake than to pay for it later.
