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» Primrose planting and care at home. Perennial garden primrose: cultivation, planting, care. Using primrose in landscape design

Primrose planting and care at home. Perennial garden primrose: cultivation, planting, care. Using primrose in landscape design

ECOgardener

Primroses - cultivation and care, use in garden design

Planting primrose and caring for it in the open ground is quite easy even for novice summer residents. And it's very popular garden flower which has many varieties. There are a huge number of varieties and hybrids that amaze with their beauty and do not require painstaking care. But in order to fully enjoy all the delights of a flower, some of the subtleties of planting and care should be studied. Let's talk about the most important things.

Garden primroses: planting and care in open ground

Almost all primroses love partial shade and coolness, with the exception of some southern species and varieties. In such conditions, flowers open from all their best sides– size of leaves, buds, rich and bright color of flowers. Moreover, the plant can develop well even on poor soils, but not waterlogged ones.

Some primroses begin to actively grow from the second year after planting. It is advisable to plant them, otherwise the roots of young bushes will end up on the surface of the ground and the young plants will die. If it is not possible to divide the primroses before the onset of cold weather, they can be covered with earth or mulched with humus until spring.

How to plant primroses

Before planting, you should enrich the soil, add rotted manure and a little wood ash. You can improve the structure of the soil by adding a small amount of sand or vermiculite. Tall primrose bushes are planted at a distance of 40–50 cm from each other, and low-growing ones at 10–20 cm. This is a standard, recommended scheme, but if desired, you can plant the flower a little thicker.

Important! Primroses are planted in cloudy weather or in the evening. There is no need to overwater the bushes; moderate watering is sufficient.

When planting, it is extremely important not to deepen the growing point, otherwise the plant will get sick and die.

In general, the flower is endowed with strong immunity to various diseases and pests. However, there are still some risks:

  • extremely rarely, primrose can be affected by diseases such as jaundice, rust, powdery mildew, bacterial spot, cucumber mosaic virus, as well as stem and root collar rot and anthracnose;
  • When thickening plantings, fleas, aphids, weevils, spider mites, slugs and nematodes may become interested in primroses.

From time to time you need to inspect the bushes. When the first symptoms of diseases or pests are detected, treatment is started immediately. Particular attention should be paid to purchased primroses in pots, which are driven out for the holidays. Here is a useful video about preventing the appearance of root rot from the charming Natalia, who leads the Garden World project:

While purchased primroses are waiting to be planted in the garden, remove yellowing leaves in a timely manner, water the plants not from above, but in a tray, excess water drain. When loosening the soil, do not fill the growing point (when planting in the ground, also watch for the deepening of the growing point).

It is also useful to “salt” the soil surface with ash and carry out every 3rd watering using Fitosporin-M solution (it is the cheapest of natural preparations). There is also Anti-Rot powder from the same Bashkir company, created for processing vegetables in storage. Well, the most powerful biofungicide from this line is Reanimator-M, intended for the treatment of already affected plants. All of these preparations are based on living spores and cells of beneficial soil microbes Bacillus subtilus.

It is also useful to put 2 tablets of Glyocladin into the root, or water it weekly with a solution of Trichoderma verde - these are useful soil fungi that enhance the immunity of plants.

Remember that if a weakened plant is planted in the garden, pests will attack it and completely eat it. We have repeatedly seen how slugs eat purchased primroses, although already adapted specimens grow quietly nearby. So, we don’t just need to keep the primrose in pots until spring, but strengthen its immunity. Lately, we have been saving all purchased seedlings this way; we even try to immediately replant indoor roses and disinfect the soil.

How to care for primroses

Growing a plant is a pleasure - all that primrose needs is removing weeds, loosening the soil, watering and light fertilizing. This is, of course, if a mulch layer is not used. In mulch, a soil crust does not form and loosening is not necessary.

To extend the flowering period of the bushes, all faded inflorescences should be removed.

During hot periods, watering is carried out frequently. The first feeding is carried out when the inflorescences begin to grow; if this is done earlier, all the nutrition will go into the leaves. The second time the primrose is fertilized after flowering. Organic or organomineral complexes are suitable. Once every 4 or 5 years, mandatory planting (division) of bushes is carried out.

Important! Only young bushes and heat-loving species and varieties of primroses need shelter for the winter. Old foliage, like that of garden strawberries, is cut from the bushes only in the spring.

How to propagate garden primrose

There are 2 methods - vegetative and generative. Dividing the bush is carried out before or after flowering, in spring or autumn. Some primroses can begin to be divided from the age of 3, while others only from the age of five. To avoid confusion, it is better to consult with flower growers.

Details about the methods of propagation of primroses:

  • division - the plant is carefully dug up and the roots are washed with water without damaging them. Now the bush needs to be cut so that each section contains a restoration bud, developed roots and a rosette of leaves. The cut sites are immediately treated with wood ash, and the primroses are immediately planted in a new place. For 2 weeks after planting, seedlings are watered daily. If division is carried out in the fall, the plantings are covered with foliage or spruce branches for the winter;
  • cuttings - the largest, most developed primrose bushes are selected for the procedure. In spring or summer after flowering, the plant is dug up and some of the thickest roots are cut off. To make buds form faster, longitudinal cuts are carefully made on the upper side of the cuttings. Now the root sections are placed in holes no deeper than 4 cm and sprinkled with earth. Caring for seedlings in the usual way;
  • rooting - this method is suitable if the primroses have not yet reached the age suitable for division. The procedure is carried out in autumn or summer. From the very base of the root, the leaf petiole is separated along with the bud ( sheet plate cut by a third) and place it in a mixture of sand and garden soil. The pot with the seedling is placed on a bright windowsill. It is important that the sheet is not exposed to direct sunlight. The soil is periodically moistened, and the room temperature is maintained at 16–18 °C. The bush will be ready for transplanting as soon as the young shoots hatch;
  • seeds - many, but not all varieties and hybrids can be propagated in this way. For example, it will not be possible to grow a beautiful specimen from collected terry primrose seeds. The grains are practically not stored; they need to be sown within 1 or 2 years, and freshly harvested seed has the best germination rate. Sowing is most often done in the fall, then the plants will bloom the next year.

Important! Primrose can be grown seedling method, but it is worth remembering that seeds of almost all types require stratification. Exceptions are common and fine-toothed primroses. Seedlings develop slowly.

Forcing primroses

Most types of garden primrose, especially low-growing ones, are suitable for spring flower forcing. Plants must be two years old. Bushes of older primroses need to be divided before the procedure.

Late autumn The plants are dug up, transferred together with a lump of earth into a common box and placed in a room with a temperature of at least 1–3 °C. In early February, old leaves and stems are cut off from primroses, and the bushes are planted in small pots (10–12 cm in diameter). Any land can be used. There is no need to deepen the plants; the rosette of leaves is placed at the level of the soil surface.

Now the primroses need to be moved to a bright windowsill, the temperature is increased to 10 °C. Water the plants as needed, sparingly. Feed the bushes when the buds form. You can use complex fertilizer (1% aqueous solution). After flowering, primroses are planted back into the garden.

Primrose in landscape design, combination with other flowers

In any garden there are areas covered with shadow from fences, walls or tree crowns - ideal conditions for primroses. Flowers can be combined with other plants, and flower beds where different varieties, species and hybrids of primroses bloom continuously one after another.

What can be decorated with bright and unpretentious primroses? Yes, anything - borders, ponds, rockeries, as well as rocky hills, flower beds of all types, lawns, etc.

The flower grows well in containers and hanging planters, which means they can decorate a porch, gazebo, balcony or stairs. The main thing is to create suitable conditions for the flower.

Primroses enjoy the reputation of being good companions; they are simply not capable of crushing their neighbors. They will direct their growth to where it is free place without displacing anyone. Flowers and herbs with similar preferences are planted next to primroses - diffuse shade and constant, moderate soil moisture. The most successful neighbors include ferns, astilbes, miniature conifers and hosts.

The love for primroses is long lasting; after planting just one flower, you will definitely want more. It becomes difficult to stop later, especially since there are so many of them and they are all so different! The versatility and special unpretentiousness of the plant only increases the interest of gardeners. So we safely recommend planting primroses in your area; planting and caring for them in the open ground will not burden you much.

Regardless of their origin, many types of primroses fit perfectly into the harsh climate of Russia with frosty, snowy winters and damp, cool springs. Conditions similar to the habitat facilitate cultivation and minimize the care of primrose, ensuring earlier, abundant and long-lasting flowering. Thanks to this, the delicate touching flower, heralding the arrival of spring, did not get lost among other early-blooming crops and gained nationwide love.

A little messenger of spring, brightening up the gloomy garden with bright colors.

Why know the origin of the primrose?

The genus Primrose grows wild on 5 continents and includes more than 600 species, while garden forms and hybrids number in the thousands and are cultivated everywhere on the planet. More than 30 types of garden primrose are perfectly adapted to growing in open ground in Russia and do not require complex care. And yet, having decided to place this or that primrose in the garden, take an interest in its origin. What you should pay attention to?

  1. You are purchasing a forest, mountain or swamp plant. Forest species (P. vernal, P. vulgare, P. tall) are more moisture-loving and do not tolerate 40-degree heat. Mountain primroses (P. Julia, P. aurica) can more easily withstand high summer temperatures; their leaves are covered with a waxy coating, which prevents moisture evaporation, so their foliage remains decorative until late autumn.
  2. Most primroses perennials, but some species prefer growing in a two-year culture (P. mealy, group P. candelabra). Although their rosette does not die immediately in the third year, the decorative effect of the flower deteriorates sharply.
  3. It is important how adapted the plant is to open ground conditions. Along with garden primroses, some species are cultivated only in pots (P. obconica, indoor hybrids of P. vulgare). Plants from the candelabra primrose section, muscarioides need to be covered for the winter.
  4. Unpretentious primroses are more suitable for the garden, but capricious collectible hybrids with unusual colors, abundantly covered with powdery coating, require special technology and greenhouse conditions.

Knowing the origin and individual preferences of the flower, you can understand how to properly care for primrose.

What do most types of primroses that are found in our gardens have in common?

  1. Plants need coolness to actively grow. In early spring this is not a problem. But the second intensive period of root growth and establishment flower buds falls in the last month of summer, when the weather is hot, dry. To reduce the harmful effects of the sun, places in partial shade are chosen for growing primrose. They also save from the heat with intensive watering.
  2. Dryness is the second enemy of primrose. The flow of sap and the beginning of the growing season coincides with the period of snow melting, when there is an abundance of moisture, and the plant evaporates its excess through the leaves. Nature laid down a mechanism for intense evaporation, but did not provide for the reverse process - stopping the loss of moisture in hot weather. If you miss watering, the bushes may dry out and die.
  3. Primroses are more demanding of soil structure than soil fertility. The main thing is that the rhizome breathes and does not flood. When planting primrose in open ground, low-lying areas are drained and the structure is corrected. So clay soils loosened with sand, high peat, humus, and sandy ones are compacted and enriched with the addition of organic matter.
  4. The biological feature of the growth of primroses is the protruding rhizome and the rapid growth of the bush. If the plant is not divided and replanted to a new place if it becomes too thick (every 3-5 years), it will grow and die.

Technology for cultivating garden primroses

It is not difficult to find a place for primroses in the garden. They are planted in flower beds with eastern and western exposure, on the slopes of rock gardens, under trees, in the shade of bushes and tall perennials. The only condition for choosing a place to grow primroses is that the plant receives a portion of the morning sun, but is sheltered from the scorching midday rays.

Advice! The mobile option of planting primroses in outdoor containers, boxes, and portable flowerpots is becoming increasingly popular. They can be placed in any convenient location, and if necessary, use it to decorate the yard, lawn, gazebo.

Planting primroses

When starting to plant primroses, whether with seeds or rosettes, the first step is to prepare the soil. Humus based on rotted plant residues or manure is added to the garden soil in an amount of 15–20 kg/m², a bucket of sand is added to the same area, and full- or long-acting fertilizers for beautiful flowering plants are applied according to the instructions.

There are several ways to breed primroses.

  • Through seedlings. Seeds are sown in February in seedling boxes (cassettes) with a light, loose substrate, peat tablets. A prerequisite is cold stratification of seeds for 3 weeks. After sowing, the container is covered with film and sent to a cool place (not higher than 18⁰ C). The greenhouse is removed after germination (after 3–4 weeks). When 2–3 leaves appear, the seedlings dive into individual containers or directly into the flowerbed.

    Advice! As practice shows, it is still better to plant a primrose seedling for growing, cover it for the winter, and plant it in a permanent flowerbed in the spring or even autumn of next year.

  • Sowing seeds in open ground. The most reliable option to get guaranteed seedlings is to sow them before winter - in late October - early November. Sow sparsely, on the surface of the bed, and mulch the top with a thin layer of humus.
  • Rosettes when dividing an old bush. This option is used to propagate existing varieties. They practice early spring (before flowering) and autumn planting primroses in rosettes, but not later than mid-September. Otherwise, the seedling will not have time to take root and may suffer from frost. If you are still late autumn transplant, wait until spring or cover young bushes with fallen leaves and spruce branches.

Advice! The generally accepted scheme for planting primroses is in clumps; in a group, plants are placed at a distance of 10–15 cm. As the rosette grows, it covers the root zone with foliage, which prevents moisture evaporation, drying out of the rhizome, and overgrowing of the bush with weeds.

Care during flowering

In early spring, it is important not to skip the first feeding of the plant. It is done as soon as the snow melts. The bushes are topped with organic matter - slurry diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10. Or use complex mineral fertilizer, which is scattered on moist soil. The norm is 25–30 g for an adult bush. Feeding is not needed if the rosettes are sprinkled with humus in the fall.

If spring is dry, primroses are watered. To prolong flowering, it is recommended to promptly remove wilted flower stalks.

Care after flowering

Caring for primrose after flowering is kept to a minimum, since until August the plant is in a state of summer dormancy. At this time, pay attention to the condition of the soil. If it is too dry, the leaves will begin to wither and the root collar will dry out. This cannot be allowed.

Before the plant begins to grow (at the end of July), feed it with a phosphorus-potassium mixture. This stimulates the growth of bushes, the establishment and ripening of new flower buds.

Dividing the bush

When a perennial sits in one place for a long time, it grows so much that the rosettes stick out against each other and become bare. Nutrition in the soil is depleted and pathogenic microflora accumulates. This is the main reason why the leaves become smaller and the primrose does not bloom or blooms poorly.

There is only one recipe - divide and replant the bush as often as possible. Some people do this every year, but the generally accepted practice is once every 3-4 years. The primrose is moistened abundantly, dug up, the roots are cleared of soil and divided into parts - one or 2-3 rosettes. Each division should contain a piece of rhizome with at least one renewal bud. If the roots are very long, leave 10 cm, cut off the rest. The root collar is not buried, the soil is mulched.

Divide the bush early in the spring. Many people are concerned about whether it is possible to replant primrose in September, like ordinary perennials. Primrose tolerates division well at the junction of summer and autumn, when it awakens after summer dormancy. When transplanting in the second half of September, it is better to cover the plantings for the winter, in case the plant is not sufficiently rooted.

Preparing for winter

Caring for primrose in the fall comes down to watering the transplanted rosettes, and for 1–2 weeks - in small portions, but every day. The rosette of leaves, like other perennial flowers, is not cut off - let it cover the rhizome. The bush is sprinkled with humus. The substrate performs several functions:

  • covers bare rhizomes;
  • insulates the root zone;
  • Serves as an effective supplement.

Some types of primroses require more thorough preparation for winter. They are covered with leaves and lutrasil on top with the onset of frost and are opened only in March, when the growing season of primroses begins. Some hybrids recommend transferring them to a box for the winter and storing them in a cool room.

Diseases and pests of primrose

The causes of primrose diseases usually lie in violations of agricultural technology.

  • Root rots are fungal in nature, affecting the neck of the plant and leading to damping off of the rosette. The reasons are stagnation of moisture in the root zone, thickened plantings. Gradually, rot covers the stem and leaves. The affected parts of the plant are destroyed, the bush is sprayed with a fungicide solution.
  • Fungal infections also include spots that affect leaves. Gradually they grow, become covered with a coating of sporulation, leading to the death of the leaf blade. Control measures are the same as in the previous case.
  • In hot weather the plant may bloom spider mite. It is diagnosed by faded leaves and the finest cobwebs on them. back side. In case of severe infection, the bushes are treated with acaricides.

The best way to prevent primrose diseases is to transplant to new soil and maintain temperature and water conditions.

How to grow primroses in open ground:

Primrose will be the first to bloom in your spring garden, therefore its name is translated from Latin as first, early. If you decide to diversify your landscape design with primroses, first you will have to review a lot of photos, because primrose has more than 500 varieties. However, growing and propagating most of them in open ground will only bring you pleasure.

Description of primrose: varieties and varieties

Primrose is valued for its bright flowers of various shades, some varieties have a pleasant smell, and primrose leaves can also be eaten. Although there are numerous varieties of primrose, not all of them are grown in gardens.

Garden species can be divided into:

  • umbrella;
  • cushion-shaped;
  • capitate;
  • longline;
  • candelabra;
  • bellflowers.

Any owner in the garden has a plot where nothing can be planted. Nothing grows there. It is best to plant primroses in such areas, because among them there are such unpretentious varieties that they grow absolutely anywhere you plant them. And maybe they won’t be the brightest flowers in your flowerbed, but they will always delight you with fresh spring greenery. Spring primrose or common primrose are good for this. Equally practically undemanding, but brighter and more spectacular are the fine-toothed and auricular primroses.

Primroses bloom early, in April, and bloom until July. And some of the varieties bloom again at the end of summer.

Planting a plant

In order to start breeding primrose with seeds, you must first decide what time of year to plant. Three periods are suitable for this.


To sow primrose seeds, it is better to select a place protected from direct sun rays. Primrose though unpretentious plant, but prefers light nutrient soils. Often, seeds are sown in special beds in which the flowers receive more comfortable growing conditions before they are planted in their permanent habitat.

Plant care

Primrose, planting and caring for which does not cause much trouble, will thank you for simply loosening the soil, timely removal of weeds and, of course, regular watering. If you want to extend the flowering period of primroses, cut off the flower stalks that have already faded so that they do not take away nutrients at the plant. If you plan to collect seeds, then a few flower stalks will be enough.

It is better to grow primrose in shaded areas, because sunlight shortens the flowering time of the plant. During hot periods, primroses require active watering and shading. For the winter, primrose must be covered with a layer of dry leaves.

Fertilizer and feeding of primrose

Despite all their unpretentiousness, primroses respond well to feeding with rotted organic matter. During flowering, just before the buds open, you can use a 1% aqueous solution complex fertilizer, but if you use it when the buds are not yet visible, all the power will go into the leaves.

After flowering, you can add mineral fertilizer in the form of an aqueous solution. This will help the flowers gain strength for next year and create new flower buds.

Plant propagation

In addition to sowing seeds, these flowers can be propagated by dividing the bush, cuttings and rooting shoots.

Dividing the bush. Primrose bushes are divided in the third year, and some varieties are divided not earlier than the fifth year of growth. In the spring before flowering or in the fall, after it has flowered, the plant is dug up and the roots are completely cleared from the ground.

Advice. To avoid damaging the root system, you can simply rinse the roots with water.

Using a sharp knife, the root must be divided into several parts so that each division has a sufficiently developed renewal bud. root system and a rosette of leaves. The cut areas must be immediately sprinkled with ash, avoiding drying out, and the plant must be planted back into open ground or a pot as quickly as possible. It is necessary to water the divisions daily for two weeks, and if the division was made in the fall, then better plants cover for the winter.

Propagation by cuttings. For this option for propagating primroses, it is necessary to select the largest bushes and separate from them some of the already formed thick roots. On the separated cuttings, longitudinal cuts are made in the upper part. This will help the buds grow faster. The cuttings are planted 3–4 cm deep and cared for in the usual way.

Rooting. This method is perfect if the roots of the plant are still weak and the rosettes have not yet developed enough for division. The leaf petiole with the bud must be separated at the very base of the root. In this case, it is recommended to reduce the sheet plate itself by a third. The separated petiole with part of the shoot must be planted in a specially prepared mixture of sand and soil. The pot with the petiole is placed in a bright place, but protected from direct sunlight, and the ambient temperature is maintained at 16–18 degrees. When shoots appear from the bud, they must be planted in different pots and planted in open ground immediately when weather will become suitable.

Diseases and pests

Primrose has a fairly strong immunity to all kinds of diseases. However, some of them can still affect your plant.

The fungus Ramularia cercosporella is considered the most unpleasant for primrose. This disease can be identified by spots on the leaves of the plant. Most often they appear at the very end of spring. The spots that appear on the leaves have an angular or round shape and a pale color, but later they acquire a gray or brown color with a yellow border. If affected by this disease, you must urgently remove the infected leaves and treat the plants with Bordeaux mixture or specialized products from the store. For prevention, you can spray the plants with a 1% solution of nitrafen in the spring.

Too dense thickets of primrose can harbor pests such as slugs, nematodes and spider mites.

Advice. Regularly inspect plants for pests and diseases to get rid of the problem in a timely manner, preventing infection large quantity adjacent flowers.

Primrose: combination with other plants

As neighbors, primroses are almost ideal, because for the most part they are tender plants that are simply not capable of crushing their neighbor. They will grow where there is space without crowding out other crops from the garden. It is necessary to choose neighbors for this flower from the same lovers of damp, shaded places.

Primrose in landscape design

Since there are a lot of species and varieties of primrose, growing and caring for them is simple, this flower is a big favorite landscape designers. Many people consider primroses to be warmer and more attractive than tulips or daffodils. Primrose is simply a godsend for the garden, because by combining different types of these plants you can achieve continuous flowering from April to August.

Primrose looks very impressive when decorating artificial ponds against the background of purple water lily leaves. These flowers of various bright colors are placed along borders and paths, giving them an unusual flavor. Primrose is a frequent guest in shaded corners of the garden, as well as on alpine hills and rockeries in the shade of coniferous trees.

Primroses are often grown in pots and vases to decorate terraces and houses. Some varieties are grown for cutting.

Primrose is the perfect flower for any garden. Ease of cultivation, ease of care, a huge number of species and varieties will allow anyone, even the most demanding gardener, to choose a flower to their liking. A bright palette of all colors and shades will not allow your flower garden to look boring from mid-spring until autumn.

How to grow primrose in the garden: video

Varieties of primrose: photo

One of the most beautiful garden flowers blooming in early spring, is a primrose, the name of which comes from the word “primus”, translated from Greek language as "early, first". This plant is popularly called “rams” for its wavy leaves, similar to the backs of sheep, or “keys” for its inflorescences, which, according to ancient legend, are associated with a bunch of spring keys.

The title photo shows the primrose Primula pubescens, variety ‘Exhibition Blue’.

Types and varieties of primrose suitable for growing in open ground

Primrose, or primrose, is a small ornamental bush. Its leaves are wavy at the edges and rough to the touch, and its spectacular bright buds are collected in inflorescences. This plant is popular all over the world due to its beauty, simplicity, and ease of care. The period of active growth of primrose is quite long, it begins in early spring and can end in early summer, so this plant is suitable for planting on, and is also widely used in landscape design.

Interesting to know! There are more than 200 species of garden primroses, but only a few of them are popular in our climatic conditions. These species can be divided into 2 groups: spring-flowering and summer-flowering.

Types of spring-flowering perennial garden primroses grown in our country:

  • Stemless, or common (vulgaris)- one of the most common types of primrose, which has many varieties. It is characterized by the following features: oblong-shaped leaves and short peduncles, which are located almost at the same level. The height of the stems of common primrose reaches 15 cm.
  • Spring (veris)- this species includes plants with wrinkled oblong leaves light green tone, and bright orange inflorescences, inclined to one side, on a tall stem.
  • Fine-toothed (denticulata)- round inflorescences of white, blue, light blue, lilac or pink, up to 5 cm in diameter, located on a stem up to 30 cm high.
  • High (elatior)- has inflorescences of yellow stamens with a dark core, directed upward and small serrated leaves.
  • Julia (juliae)- this type of primrose has characteristic bright shades of red buds and green leaves. The primrose is not afraid of frost, it grows quickly, forming a continuous covering.
  • Cortusoides- has rough leaves with small teeth along the edges, and umbrella-shaped inflorescences of 5–10 lilac buds. The peak growth of this variety of primroses occurs in late spring or early summer.
  • Auricula (ear primrose - auricula)- this species is characterized by the presence of delicately fragrant monochromatic or bicolor flowers and leathery leaves wrapped in the shape of a shell.

Summer flowering primroses do not tolerate low temperatures and excess water at the root. They can reach a height of up to 1 meter, and also have a strong stem and large leaves. As a rule, summer-flowering primroses are grown in areas of Asia, China, Tibet and the Himalayas at elevations up to 4 thousand meters, on the banks of reservoirs or in wild forests.

Types of summer flowering primroses:


In accordance with the shape and position of the buds in the inflorescences, primroses are distributed into groups (varieties).

The classification of primrose varieties was determined by German scientists:

  1. Cushion-shaped- have single inflorescences and short stems that are located just above the leaves;
  2. Globular- have dense ball-shaped inflorescences, which are located around a long stem;
  3. Campanulates- have inflorescences small flowers in the form of bells;
  4. Umbrella-shaped- have umbrella-shaped inflorescences on a stem, up to 20 cm high;
  5. Tiered or candelabra- the inflorescences are located on the stem in several tiers; outwardly, the flowers of this variety resemble a candlestick.

Certain varieties of primroses have a pleasant smell. The root of the plant is located on top of the soil, so frequent watering and fertilization have a beneficial effect on the primrose.

Primula marginata, variety ‘Drake’s Strain’

Growing from seeds

You need to grow garden primrose only from high-quality seeds, so before purchasing them you should pay attention to the shelf life. It is better to leave grains purchased in advance or collected on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator.

The process of growing primroses from seeds is quite painstaking. Only those plants that were planted will bloom in the spring-summer period no later than January. Sowings made after this month, in most cases, give color only after a year. Therefore, it is recommended to plant freshly harvested grains immediately in seedling boxes or in open ground, and late sowing in February is also allowed.

For better seed germination it is necessary carry out stratification, which is carried out in several stages:

  1. A seedling box or container with holes in the bottom to allow water to drain out fills with soil.
  2. On upper layer loosened wet soil seeds are laid out at a distance of 1 cm, and are compacted a little.
  3. Box covered with a lid or placed in a plastic bag. After this, the container with the seeds placed at the very bottom of the refrigerator. If such a need arises, the soil should be moistened.
  4. If germination does not occur for a long time, the container must be leave at a temperature not lower than -10 o C for a 3-day period.
  5. After 3–4 weeks, the seeds hatch, after which the container is opened slightly so that Fresh air arrived at the shoots. The box is pulled out of the refrigerator and placed in the shade.
  6. When 2 leaves appear, the seedlings must be pruned, placed in a shaded place and left for 10 days.. After this time, when the seedlings have grown and become stronger, you can remove the bag or lid from the box.
  7. Primroses are planted in open ground during the period from mid-June to August, when there is no risk of frost.

It is important to know! Planting of some types of primroses is carried out taking into account certain characteristics. Thus, fine-toothed and common primroses do not need stratification, but after pecking the seeds, the first type must be placed in complete darkness, and the second in the light.

Planting and caring for garden primrose

You can plant primrose seedlings, or dividing the root in early spring and late summer. The soil should be clayey, fertilized with organic matter, moist and slightly loose. It is important to ensure that there is no stagnant water or hard, heavy soil at the planting site, since such conditions are not suitable for the plant.

Most types of primroses are preferably planted in a bright area, but there are also those that love shade (Julia primrose) or rocky soil (ear primrose).

It is recommended to add a little sand to the soil before planting. Mineral fertilizers are applied in the second year of the plant’s life in 3 stages: in early spring, 2.5 weeks after that, and in mid-summer. Before the primroses emerge, the soil needs to be slightly loosened and moistened.

It is important to know! A young plant needs to remove some of its leaves. Such manipulations help to increase the number of buds and the abundance of primrose flowering.

Every 2 years, a layer of soil 2 cm thick is poured under the flower. After 3 years of growth, the primrose should be replanted. For the winter, the plants are covered with a dense ball of dry leaves.

During the growth of primrose, perennial garden primroses are exposed to the following diseases and problems:

  • Damage by aphids, fleas, spider mites, slugs, nematodes;
  • Rust;
  • Bacterial spotting;
  • Rot;
  • Powdery mildew;
  • Anthracnose;
  • Spotted wilt;
  • Cucumber mosaic.

If these problems are detected, it is necessary to apply spraying, replenish the soil with special preparations and other substances that help eliminate the disease and pest damage.

Garden primrose in landscape design in the photo

There are many types and varieties of primroses, thanks to which you can plant unusual bright compositions of these flowers, which will delight the eye with the splendor of shades and shapes from early spring to late summer. Primroses are used very often in landscape design; these beautiful flowers will decorate any area beyond recognition.

Compositions of several types of primroses with low daffodils, tulips, irises, phlox, soapwort and, which can replace primrose, look amazing. Such color combinations are ideal for decorating or stone slides.

For lovers of simplicity and ease in landscape design, it is recommended to plant flower beds or plots with one or several varieties of primroses of the same shade. Such compositions form a continuous bright carpet that attracts the eye and will not leave anyone indifferent.

Very often primroses of a certain or different types planted along stone paths in the garden. Compositions of primrose with other flowers look quite impressive for this purpose.

The best will be compositions of Alpine and Sikkimese primroses planted around it. This design solution will add a special flavor to appearance the area as a whole.

Primrose bushes planted in corners or along fences will complement the overall atmosphere of the site and make its design unusual and complete.

Borders made of primroses and cyclamens

Primroses are often planted in decorative containers, garden vases or hanging pots to decorate the home and the entire surrounding area. Such compositions can be used to disguise small details or defects in the design of an area.

Primrose is one of the most beloved and revered plants among gardeners. With the help of compositions of different types and varieties of these flowers, you can transform a garden, flower bed, lawn, and even the building itself beyond recognition. The advantage of this plant is its unpretentiousness in cultivation and the variety of shapes and shades of individual varieties, as well as the opportunity to admire the flowering plant for as long as possible.

How to sow primrose in winter

Video consultation from the Garden World channel: the nuances of seed propagation of primrose.

The spring flower, also known as the primrose, can bloom even before the snow cover has completely melted. Thanks to this feature, the plant attracts the close attention of many landscape designers and amateur gardeners. Perennial primrose, planting and caring for which does not take much time and effort, captivates with its spring attractiveness bright inflorescences against the backdrop of nature that has not yet awakened.

Every gardener or gardener has a plot of land that, in their opinion, is unsuitable for further cultivation of crops. However, the unpretentious primrose can fully develop in such areas, delighting the owner with spring colors. And even if the beauty of the primrose is not able to outshine the surrounding flowers, it is able to give its flowers over a long period - from mid-spring to mid-summer, and sometimes twice during the growing season.

Planting flowers

Proper landing is the key successful cultivation plants.

Preparing the site and soil

Different types of primrose have their own preferences: some love sunny areas, others love areas shaded by other plants, and others love damp banks of water bodies. The optimal solution would be to plant the crop in a shaded area or on the eastern side of the house, which will protect it from drying out by the scorching midday sun. If you plan to plant flowers to decorate a rock garden, then you should avoid the south side.

Primrose prefers light fertile soils With high humidity and good drainage system, preventing stagnation of water, which the flower most needs during the phase of intensive development and flowering. In case of severe depletion of the soil, additional enrichment with nutrients is carried out by adding organic matter with a norm of 20 kg of a mixture of compost, humus and peat in a ratio of 2: 1: 1 per 1 m2 and mineral fertilizers - 20 g of nitroammophoska for the same area.

How and when to plant?

Planting perennial primrose in the garden is carried out in spring time or in the fall of the second year of development. Compact varieties are planted with a distance of 15 cm between specimens, and large species are located 20 cm apart from each other.

Important! The bushes should be planted in such a way that when growth is completed, the plantings close together: primrose has a negative attitude towards excess space.

Landing rules

Primrose is usually planted with seedlings, to obtain which you must follow the instructions:

  1. At the beginning of February, seeds purchased from a specialized store are distributed over a moistened surface. soil mixture, consisting of leaf soil, sand and peat in a ratio of 2:1:1, so that there are up to 5 pieces per 1 cm2.
  2. The dishes with the crops are covered with polyethylene and placed in freezer with temperatures down to -10°C.
  3. After 3-4 weeks, the container with frozen seeds is placed on the windowsill, where it is shaded from direct sun.
  4. A week after the first shoots appear, the film is removed.
  5. When the seedlings, characterized by slow growth, form two pairs of true leaves, the seedlings are picked into boxes using tweezers

Important! Primrose from seeds is planted in the garden only after two years of growing in boxes.

Caring for perennial garden primrose

Primrose does not need special care. However, in order for a flower to please its owner with flowers for a long period, it is necessary to adhere to the basic agrotechnical requirements for growing primroses in open ground.

Watering

The culture needs constantly moist soil. In spring, abundant watering is carried out once a week. During hot periods, the frequency of irrigation and the volume of water used doubles - 1 m2 is irrigated with three liters of liquid.

Top dressing

Enriching the soil with nutrients is an integral component full care. During the growing season, primrose is fed weekly with a solution of complex mineral fertilizers with a concentration half as much as indicated on the package.

Advice! To avoid the growth of green mass instead of the formation of flowers, fertilizing with nitrogen-containing fertilizers should alternate with the application of potassium and phosphorus.

Flower transplant

Primrose is a rapidly growing plant, and therefore requires systematic replanting every 4-5 years, during which the bush is divided.

Protection from pests and diseases

Since primrose is cultivated on moist soils in partial shade, it is prone to fungal diseases in the form powdery mildew, rot, rust, and bacterial spots. When manifestations of fungal diseases are detected, fungicide treatments are carried out, and in the case of bacterial diseases, the affected specimens are destroyed. Pests on primrose include aphids, spider mites, weevils, and flea beetles, which can be controlled by spraying the plantings with an insecticidal preparation.

Preparing for winter

After flowering is completed, the soil under the primroses is loosened and cleared of weeds, after which the flowers are left alone. IN autumn period the crop begins to grow green mass, which serves as a natural shelter for the flowers during the winter.

Reproduction

The seed method is not the only one possible way primrose breeding. The flower can be propagated by vegetative methods - cuttings, dividing the bush and rooting shoots.

Dividing the bush

After the bush reaches three years, as a rule, you can begin to divide it. However, there are exceptions: some varieties are propagated using this method only after five years of age. Optimal time for dividing the bush are early spring or autumn - the periods before or after the flowering phase.

When carrying out the procedure, you should be guided by the following algorithm:

  • The plant is carefully dug up, and its root system is cleared of soil residues.
  • The rhizome is divided into parts using a sharp knife, each of which should have 2-3 roots and a leaf rosette.
  • The cut areas are sprinkled with wood ash as an antiseptic.
  • Afterwards, the separated parts of the rhizome are planted in the garden.
  • During spring division, each new plant is watered daily for 12-14 days.
  • If the procedure is carried out in the fall, young specimens take shelter even before the onset of serious cold weather.

Propagation by cuttings

When applying this method, the most big bush primrose, from which, after being removed from the soil, parts with developed roots are separated.

Then:

  • The tops of the cuttings are cut longitudinally, which allows the buds to grow faster.
  • Prepared cuttings are planted in open ground to a depth of 4 cm.

Rooting

In the case where a plant does not have a formed root system and fully developed rosettes, the rooting method is the most suitable method of propagation.

To be successful, you must complete the following steps:

  • From the very base of the rhizome, the leaf petiole with ⅓ of the leaf blade is separated.
  • The shoot is planted in a container filled with a substrate of leaf soil and sand in equal parts.
  • The pot is transferred indoors with large quantity diffused light and temperament within 16-18°C.

When a shoot forms from a bud, the plant is moved to the garden, provided that weather conditions allow this.

Application in landscape design

The variety of species and varieties of primrose, as well as the ease of cultivation, contribute to the growth of its popularity among landscape designers, some of whom prefer primroses rather than tulips or daffodils. After all, if you choose the right varietal composition, a flower garden can delight the owner with flowers from mid-spring to the end of summer.

Most often, primrose is used to decorate the following objects:

  • The banks of artificial reservoirs are often decorated with moisture-loving primroses.
  • Borders and paths are organically shaded with bright varieties.
  • Rock gardens and rockeries are also often decorated with primroses due to their undemanding requirements for soil and lighting.

So, garden primrose, being an undemanding flower, is an ideal crop for any garden plot. And the diversity of species makes it possible to enjoy long-term flowering almost until the end of summer.