When working with electricity, it is extremely important to follow a number of rules and precautions, since electric current can harm human health and life. That is why when installing the wiring in the house with your own hands, it is important to remember them and be well aware of the features of handling conductive devices.
For laying indoors, 2 types of wiring are used: open and hidden. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages and this must be taken into account when choosing.
Open wiring can be pulled anywhere on the wall, since it is covered with special boxes and protective elements for convenience and safety. There is always access to it for repair or connection of additional elements of the electrical network. However, this view does not look very aesthetically pleasing indoors, and it is undesirable to decorate it with wallpaper or cornices - this increases the risk of fire. This method is used only if it is not possible to lay the cables in a closed method.
Hidden wiring is hidden in special strobes that break through the walls. Sometimes the nets are placed in boxes and hidden under plaster or other wall finishes. In the future, this type of wiring is difficult to repair, because finding a damaged area is quite problematic, for this it is necessary to carefully dismantle the coating and only then carry out repair work. If you have a closed installation, then when drilling the walls it is important not to damage the cables. This method does not spoil the appearance of the walls during operation, but with each repair you need to be prepared for additional costs for restoring the coating.
Often, a combined type of laying is used, when important connections are left in sight, and the rest of the wires are hidden in strobes.
Before starting work, a detailed wiring diagram and the location of electrical appliances are drawn up. The main elements here are:
Additionally, they also purchase adapters for connecting wires, insulating tape and testers. From the tools you will need screwdrivers with indicators, pliers, a grinder and dielectric gloves, in which it is necessary to work on connecting cables.
Work begins with the installation of the meter, then protective devices are installed. After that, it is necessary to break through the strobes under the nets, this is done with the help of a grinder or a chisel. Wires are laid in the finished recesses and fastened with special loops. From above, everything is closed with a plaster or alabaster mixture.
In the case of open mounting, the networks are attached directly to the walls with special wiring brackets, and then closed with boxes.
Note! In a wooden house, it is safer and easier to carry out open wiring.
For sockets and switches, recesses are made with a drill or puncher. Socket boxes are also attached with alabaster or putty. In the same way, boxes for connections and wiring are also attached. After connecting and connecting all the elements, it is necessary to check the health of the network.
See below for wiring instructions:
Wiring in the house is carried out in accordance with the drawn up electrical drawing, which indicates the location of the connection points, power distribution nodes and the cables used for this. It should be understood that depending on the load of household appliances, the thickness and type of wiring is calculated.
To do the work with your own hands, you need to stock up on a special tool. If the wiring is planned to be of a hidden type, a wall chaser is needed, which differs from the grinder in the presence of two diamond discs, the movement of which cuts a special groove in the wall. For open-type wiring, it is necessary to stock up on supporting hinged fasteners.
The transmission of electricity is possible only through a material that is a good conductor and at the same time satisfies safety requirements. Most mineral salts conduct well, but only metal or a special alloy is used for wiring, which is externally protected by insulation.
When installing a wiring line, you can change the direction of the wire only at a right angle. This is done in order to eliminate the appearance of static voltage between closely spaced network elements. In wooden houses, it is recommended to lay open-type wiring on rollers with PV, APV, APR, PPV, APPV and APN wires.
In brick buildings, under plaster, closed-type wiring can be laid with APPVS, APN and APV wires. Closed wiring looks more aesthetically pleasing, but its installation is best done only in those buildings that are built from non-combustible materials.
If such wiring fails, the repair is complicated by access, since it is necessary to ring the wiring sections in order to identify the place of the accident. As a result of such repairs, almost the entire wall along which the wiring goes will be damaged. After the repair, you will have to restore the appearance of the interior decoration. If painting or sheet material is used as a finish, the work is simplified. When decorating with wallpaper, it is difficult to restore the previous look.
The most crucial moment when connecting electricity is connecting to an external power source. Current to a private house is supplied through poles, on which there are five wires. The lowest wire is the "ground", the second from the bottom usually performs a lighting function, but the top three wires are phases.
Only two wires need to be connected to the house. This is the "earth" and one of the phases. Three phase wires exist in order to reduce the load or replace the network in an emergency. Before connecting, you should find out to which phase wire most of the neighbors are connected. This wire will have the maximum load, so it is better to connect to a freer phase.
The electrician in the house should not cause discomfort due to the located wires, all wiring should be motionless and hidden from the eyes as much as possible. When designing a wiring diagram, the architectural features of the building are taken into account. If a false ceiling is planned in the house, all wiring can be hidden there. Firstly, there will be excellent access during repairs, and secondly, such wiring does not visually spoil the room.
Most often, porcelain rollers of the RSH and RP type are used to fasten the wiring inside the building. They are intended for residential premises with a normal indoor climate. When laying the wire in rooms with high humidity conditions, it is necessary to use rollers of the RS type.
In order for the wiring not to sag and hold firmly, the rollers are installed every 400 mm. The location of fasteners must be specified in the project.
Electrical wiring in a wooden house can be done in a hidden way. To do this, use the PRD wire and apply a layer of fireproof material to the wood. This is done to protect the tree from fire when a thermal field appears in the wiring or just a banal spark during a short circuit.
Building plaster or asbestos can be used as a fireproof material. The material must be applied to a tree with a thickness of at least 5 mm. On each side of the wire to be fixed, the underlying layer should protrude by at least 3-5 mm.
The wiring diagram is the exact location of the wiring cores, indicating the location of lighting fixtures and sockets. The drawing indicates the brand of wire that is selected for the room. Deviating from design recommendations is highly discouraged. All substitutes may not withstand the voltage in the house, as a result, the residual current device will operate too often, which is harmful to household equipment.
The core of the current-carrying core can be copper or aluminum. Each of them is indicated in its own way on the diagram. Aluminum wires are labeled A, and copper wires are called PR, PV or PRG. Also on the wiring diagram you can see information about the insulation of the conductive core, which can be rubber (P), PVC (B), polyethylene (P) or paper (without marking).
The letter G is added to the symbol of the wire if the wire is considered flexible, the core of which is assembled from the interlacing of many thin threads. By correctly reading the wiring diagram, you can find all the necessary information in order to conduct an electrician into the house.
To conduct electrical wiring to the house and connect to the power supply, it is not enough just to lay the cable around the house, you must install an input device. As such a device in a private house, a switchboard is used.
All such shields are manufactured in accordance with GOST 9413-69. They not only distribute the current supply, but also protect the apartment network from overloads, the effects of a short circuit. An additional function of such a shield is the accounting of consumed energy.
It is necessary to provide for the installation of an electric meter in the shield. For a private house, a single-phase CO type meter is quite suitable. To connect a single-phase meter, the internal wiring project must indicate the connection diagram of the meter used.
If you follow all the design recommendations, you can conduct wiring in the house in a few days, after which you can do a test run of the power supply and check the entire network for serviceability. In the case of non-working individual elements, such as sockets, it is necessary to turn off the power and check the correct connection of the current output elements.
Do-it-yourself wiring in the house involves the independent installation of electrical outlets. The outlet cover usually indicates the allowable voltage and current that will not harm the element used. In private houses and cottages, the maximum load on the outlet should not exceed 1500 watts.
It is necessary to plan the connection of household appliances in such a way as to distribute the load on the network, without giving enhanced action specifically to one point. Adapters for a large number of outlets are harmful in that users do not think about how much the inclusion of several devices loads all the wiring.
Depending on the load, the life of the outlet is calculated. Taking into account the rules of labor protection, sockets should be installed at a distance of at least 500 mm from the arrangement of an apartment with a metal surface.
To mount the socket in the wall, a special recess is made, inside which a box with the filling of the socket is placed. A wiring wire is brought to the connection point. Considering that over time the wire will burn at the junction, it will have to be stripped and bitten off a little, it is recommended to make a small overlap of a suitable wire for future repairs.
Wiring diagrams must meet the requirements of safety and free access for repairs. In places where wiring passes through ceilings or walls, wiring should be installed inside protective tubes with lockable covers. This will make it easy to replace damaged wiring sections.
In order to do the wiring at home with your own hands, it is enough to study the wiring diagram well. It is not recommended to perform wiring work without drawings.
Modern human life cannot be comfortable without electricity at all. When it is absent, it seems that life has stopped, because any household appliance or electric tool requires connection to the mains. Sometimes without electricity it will not even be possible to cook food, not to mention the normal lighting of the home. Therefore, if you are thinking of building, then the wiring diagram in a private house should be a priority issue that should be given special attention. It is necessary to think over and calculate everything to the smallest detail so that not the slightest mistake or inaccuracy in laying and connecting the power supply network will lead to a breakdown of household appliances in the future, or, even worse, to fire and fire.
The wiring diagram in a private house is a drawing on which all the main power supply units are applied:
By the time you do the wiring in the house, it is advisable to clearly define where the main household appliances will be located - a refrigerator, air conditioning, a washing machine, a water heater, a dishwasher. This is necessary in order to immediately mount the sockets next to the equipment, and not later stretch it through the entire carrying room.
If your building belongs to a typical one, which was erected by a construction company (this is how entire cottage villages are being built now), then you should be provided with a building project and a wiring diagram. In the case when the construction is carried out independently, for each house they develop their own personal scheme. But in both versions, the main purposes of the circuit are the same:
Be prepared for the fact that electrical wiring in a private house will also require your nerves, because in order to obtain a permit to perform work, you will need:
The most important thing that distinguishes an electrician in an apartment and in a private house is the input. In multi-storey buildings, the input comes to the switchboard, and from there the wiring to the apartments is already going on. And for a private house, it is necessary to carry out layering from the main line passing nearby. The reliability, quality and safety of power supply depends on how competently and correctly you do this. There are two ways:
Before you draw an introductory line for a private house, it is very important to think over and plan it so that it is resistant to strong winds, and also does not carry the risk of electric shock to a person in rainy, snowy or wet weather.
Such air entry involves pulling a wire or cable from the nearest support of the main power line to the housing construction.
I would like to warn you right away that air input will be rational if the distance from the support to the house is less than 20 m. In the case when the span is more than 20 m, you will need to install another additional support, which may be on the territory of your site. Such a measure is necessary in order to reduce the mechanical load on the wire. When the span is very large, there is a possibility that the wire may break under the influence of strong winds or under its own weight.
How to make an air entry?
That's all, the input cable went into the building, where it will already be wound up in the switchboard. As you can see, nothing complicated, but some nuances should be taken into account here:
The best option for air entry to the house is the SIP brand wire (self-supporting insulated wire). Firstly, its insulation is made of materials that are suitable for operation in conditions of sunlight and precipitation, and also withstand significant temperature fluctuations. Secondly, under the insulating layer, in addition to aluminum conductors, there is a steel cable. That is, when installing such a wire, there is no need to stretch a separate carrier cable.
If a single-phase voltage (220 V) is required for private housing construction, then a two-wire wire is required. In the case when a three-phase voltage (380 V) is needed, a four-core wire is required. The minimum cross section of SIP wires is 16 mm 2.
How the installation of air input of electricity is carried out, you can see in this video:
Laying an introductory cable in the ground has a number of advantages compared to the air method:
But not everything is so perfect, the soil is also quite an aggressive environment. The chemical composition of the soil over time can cause corrosion processes, which will render the cable sheath unusable. At the same time, the soil itself can sag and swell, move and freeze. Groundwater, rodents and microorganisms, as well as pressure from the roots of large trees, will also have their effect. Therefore, if you decide to bring electricity to the house underground, take care to protect the cable, lay it in a plastic or metal pipe.
Well, the main disadvantage of underground input is earthworks. Firstly, they must be coordinated with a bunch of various organizations that can have something laid in this land - water, gas or sewer pipes; heating mains; main cable power lines; telephone lines. Secondly, to lay the cable in the ground, you will need to dig a trench, and this is an additional (and decent) cost. If you do it yourself, spend a lot of time and effort. If you hire someone to carry out earthworks, spend money in terms of money.
In order to better understand the scope of work, we recommend watching the following video:
So before you do the wiring in the house, first weigh the pros and cons, consider the advantages and disadvantages, choose the appropriate input option for yourself. And when you are finished with the external power supply, you can safely proceed to the installation of the internal one.
Installing electrical wiring in a private house with your own hands requires preliminary work with your head, that is, mental work, namely, you need to calculate what kind of load your home electrical network will have. To make it easier for you, break all electricity consumers into groups:
Sum up the power of all appliances. Correct the resulting figure by multiplying by 0.7 (this is the generally accepted coefficient for switching on devices at the same time). Please note that the power of each group should not exceed 4.5 kW. Based on the calculated load, determine the cross section and brand of wires. Wiring in a private house is carried out with copper wires. For hidden laying, choose the brands VVGng, PUNP, VVG, for open laying - PUGVP, PUGNP. Wiring made in a private house with such wires will have a decent service life (about 10 years), minimal losses and safe operation.
Normatively, the place where the shield can be installed is not standardized in any way. The only condition is that it must be located no closer than 1 m from the pipelines (meaning any pipes - gas, water, sewer).
In which room it is better to mount the shield, it is also not specified anywhere. Many people prefer to install it in some utility rooms, where it will be convenient to perform switching, or located at the entrance to the house. In any case, try to follow these simple rules:
In the shield itself are mounted:
The shield can be installed in a niche specially made for it, or simply hung on a wall surface.
If the house is huge on several floors with baths, saunas, garages, then one shield is not enough. In such cases, one introductory shield is mounted and additional ones on each floor.
There are two ways to conduct electrical wiring in a private house - open and hidden. Let's briefly consider each of them separately.
The open method of laying wires is also called outdoor, most often used in wooden houses.
Wires can be laid:
The diagram should show which route you are going to route the cables and mark the places where the fixing elements (insulators) will be installed.
For open wiring, special outdoor switching devices (sockets, switches) are used.
If the structure is concrete, with many technological voids, a hidden method of laying wires is used. It is more difficult, since you first need to make special grooves in the walls, called strobes, into which the wire or cable will be laid. And after that, the laid conductors will still have to be fixed with alabaster or gypsum mortar.
You will also need indoor switches and sockets. Before installing them, holes are made in the walls, socket boxes are also fixed in them with the help of a solution, and only then switching devices are mounted.
Do-it-yourself hidden wiring is easy to do, the only thing that can cause difficulties, take a lot of time and effort is making strobes and holes.
Everything related to electrical work is regulated by the set of Rules for the installation of electrical installations (PUE). Those who are seriously involved in the installation of electrical wiring, it is useful to get acquainted at your leisure with this book. Here we will give the most basic and important points that you should definitely consider before you do the wiring in the house with your own hands:
We hope that all this conversation was not in vain. Installation of external and internal power supply of your home, you will definitely start by drawing up a diagram. Think with the whole family where and what kind of equipment you want to place, put everything on paper, draw all the switching devices and wiring paths. So it will be much easier for you to calculate the amount of materials needed. Then it remains only to transfer your scheme from paper to real walls and do the installation work.
One of the important and time-consuming repair processes is electrical wiring in a private house. To do it yourself, you need to carefully prepare, understand what materials and tools will be needed for this, what safety measures to follow. Then the process will not be dangerous for the master, and the result will make it possible to use light and electricity for a long time living in the house.
Sufficient and safe electricity in the house is an important condition for a comfortable life in it.
Before you do the installation of electrical wiring in a private house with your own hands, you need to prepare all the tools and materials that will be used in the work. Without having an idea about electricity and at least basic knowledge of its distribution inside the house, it will be quite difficult to do everything on your own. Careful preparation will secure and facilitate the process.
The most powerful cables that can withstand the required load should come from the meter.
Wiring in a private house is carried out using the following tools:
In addition, you need to prepare the following consumables:
To prepare in advance all the necessary tools and materials, you need to calculate how many of them will be needed in the process.
A multi-core copper cable should come out of the electricity meter. Depending on the complexity and volume of electrical wiring, it is brought to several junction boxes. From them will go cables of a thinner section, designed for less power. Before starting the installation of electrical wiring in the house, it is advisable to draw up a detailed plan in order to calculate the required amount of all elements and consumables.
In order for the electrician in the house to work properly and for a long time without causing dangerous situations - a short circuit or a fire in the wires - it is worth knowing and understanding the basic rules and installation features. The process of laying from scratch in a new home is a bit easier than replacing old wiring as it is done before finishing work. The first rule of re-installation of electricians is to replace all elements, wires and junction boxes, especially if they have served for more than a dozen years.
In the process of laying electrical wiring, it is necessary to use protective equipment and materials.
In addition, you should remember the following measures during operation:
Electricity in the house should be not only functional, but also safe for residents.
The best security measure during work is to hire a specialist who will professionally do the wiring in the house and take into account all the nuances. It is better not to save on this, since the work of a beginner will require a lot of time and effort, and in the future it may necessitate reworking some sections.
To understand when it is time to change the electrical wiring in the house, or to know how many years the replacement work will last, you need to find out its service life. Today's cables and connection systems are much better than they were a few decades ago. Therefore, they will last longer. But everything has its time, and even good wiring will sooner or later require replacement.
The use of RCDs, distribution and junction boxes, terminals and other protective elements helps to extend the life of the electrical wiring at home.
The generally accepted gradation includes three different types of electrical wiring operation duration: nominal, warranty and actual service life. There is a difference between them:
As a rule, electrical manufacturers give a warranty period of 10 years. Although a properly installed system can last 8-10 times longer than this period.
In order for the electrical wiring in the house to be competent, convenient and last for a long time without intervention or alterations, you need to make a project and think through all the nuances. The system diagram starts from the end - how many lamps will be in each room, how many sockets need to be placed on the walls, what load will be on each of them.
The wiring project can be schematic, hand-drawn. The main thing is to understand where and how many electrical elements should be.
There are two types of voltage that can be supplied to a private house - two-phase 220V with a maximum power consumption of 10-12 kW, and three-phase 380V with a maximum consumption of 15 kW. The second option is required in rare cases when powerful equipment is supposed to be connected. Then the requirements for installation and operation will be more stringent, because with such a connection, the likelihood of danger increases.
Connection to a three-phase network involves the installation of a special shield capable of conducting and distributing such a load
Before proceeding with all installation work, you need to understand how to connect the wires together. This will have to be done, the connection is made in junction boxes. There are several simple ways to connect them:
When installing electrical wiring, you can use several different types of wire connections.
There are no standards for installing a shield in a strictly defined place. Often it is mounted in utility rooms near the exit so that switching can be conveniently performed. It is worth considering several factors:
A modern shield is a small compact box that can be placed anywhere in the house.
Inside the shield there is a meter and an RCD, several junction boxes come out of it. Therefore, during installation, it is important to correctly calculate the power and further communications.
Consumers are all electrical elements that will be installed in the house - lamps, sockets, switches, etc. They are divided into groups to distribute the load in the system. The number of elements in each group depends on the thickness of the cable. Lighting devices are “planted” on one or two branches, depending on the configuration and size of the house.
For each consumer group, an individual RCD must be installed.
After that, a breakdown into groups of outlets occurs. It is desirable that there are no more than 5 sockets on one branch. If a specific outlet is intended for a powerful device - an air conditioner or a washing machine, it is better to bring a separate line to it. For example, 3-4 groups can be brought into the kitchen, since there is the largest number of electrical appliances.
How many lines should be drawn for a room?
For rooms, two separate lines are enough: one for sockets, another for lighting fixtures. If an air conditioner is to be installed, it is better to bring a separate line for it.
The breakdown into groups is done in the process of drawing the wiring diagram and makes it possible to calculate how many RCDs will be installed automatically.
After the preparatory stage and drawing up the wiring diagram, you can proceed to the choice of cable. They are aluminum and copper. Copper has more bandwidth, they can withstand a higher load, so they are used more often for private houses.
The choice of cable depends on the load that will be placed on it during the operation of the electrical system in the house.
There is no difference between round and flat cables, but the latter are used more often because of the ease of installation and the ability to hide it. Especially if the wiring is not done from scratch in a new house, but changes from the old one. As for the choice of cable cross-section, here it is necessary to take into account the level of load on it. Calculations are made based on the following factors:
To determine the required length of all cables, you need to draw all the consumers of the electrical system on the diagram. Having on paper the dimensions of all rooms and premises, you can understand how long each wire will be. In this case, 10-15 cm allowances should be taken for each connection.
The method of electrical installation is an important factor that needs to be determined at the stage of preparatory work. There are two types - open and hidden wiring. A private house may have a combination of these types, although when building from scratch it is better to hide all cables and systems at once so that they do not spoil the design of the rooms.
You can hide the wiring in many ways, but it is better to do this at the stage of rough work, so as not to spoil the repair later.
To decide which type of wiring installation is better to choose, it is worth considering all the pros and cons of the open and hidden methods.
| Advantages | Flaws | |
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| Installation of open wiring |
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| Installation of hidden electrical wiring |
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After weighing all the pros and cons for yourself, you will be able to choose the best option for installing an electrical system. In an old house, when it is not necessary to lay a new one, but to replace the old electrical wiring, an open type is often used. However, the new house has every opportunity to hide electrical communications as much as possible.
The final preparatory stage is markup. Marking work is the application of cable laying lines to the walls, ceiling, floor, as well as the location of all elements. Done with chalk. To make straight lines, you need to use a tape measure and a level. This procedure will also help you check your calculations for the purchase of cable or consumables.
Marking walls and ceilings will greatly simplify the further laying of electrical wiring.
After that, you can proceed to the actual installation procedure of the electrical system. It consists of several stages:
Depending on the size of the house, wiring installation can take from several hours to several days. Careful implementation of all requirements and safety measures is a guarantee of long and quiet operation for several decades.
To check the installed electrical wiring system, you need to invite a specialist from the energy supervision to the house to put it into operation. With the help of a tester, it is necessary to “ring out” all the cores, the integrity of the conductors, and check the correctness of the insulation. In addition, a representative of the energy supervision will check the grounding and zero.
Upon completion of all work, you need to check the wiring system and make sure it is functioning properly.
The completion of all work and the launch of the system is confirmed by the relevant document - a protocol, which is drawn up by a representative of the energy supervision. A contract for the provision of services is concluded, and further use of electricity is paid according to the current tariffs.
The do-it-yourself wiring device in the house is shown in the video:
Step-by-step instructions for conducting electrical wiring in a private house in the video:
Installation of electrical wiring in a private house is a long and complex process, which includes many steps. Regardless of whether it will be carried out by the hands of a professional electrician or independently, you need to carefully prepare, make all calculations and comply with safety requirements. You should not save on consumables or specialist services, because the operation of electrical wiring involves more than a dozen years. Therefore, the work must be performed efficiently and reliably.
The farther, the more humanity uses nanotechnology, electronics. Modern man, more and more began to use technology that simplifies life. Now it is almost impossible to find a house where there are no electrical appliances, household appliances, and all this in large quantities. Thus, the wiring is sometimes very overstressed. In order to protect your hearth from any adverse consequences and ensure your comfort, you must definitely take care of high-quality wiring in a private house, electricity in general.
Conducting electricity is not an easy task, but if you follow certain rules and have a little knowledge and ingenuity, then there are very good chances that you can do everything yourself.
And in the event that you do not dare to do such work alone, but want to entrust the work to the master, then the knowledge that you will draw from our article will help you correctly assess the quality of the work of the employee you called and notice shortcomings in time. This advantage will help you save your nerves, money and avoid unnecessary problems.
Key conditions that must be observed when wiring a house with your own hands.
The instructions for the use of the equipment contain the Electrical Installation Rules (PUE), which must be studied before starting work. There are a number of key rules necessary to perform quality work with electrical wiring:
do-it-yourself wiring in the house The scheme with grouping by consumers can be arbitrary. It is used to avoid overloading electricity, saves material costs, and wiring layout becomes simpler.
The electrical wiring diagram, which is intended for a wooden house or cottage, differs from the apartment plan. In the apartment plan, the cable connection starts from the floor board. Electricity in a private house requires connection from an air line or from an external distributor.
In order to choose the right machine and a cable with a cross section that can withstand the load of the mains and will not cause adverse outcomes, you need to measure the current strength in the mains. This is a very important rule for the correct conduct of electricity.
There is a certain formula that allows you to calculate the permissible current load, you need: the total power of household appliances (W), divided by the mains voltage (V).
For example: we have: 8 lamps of 60 W each, an electric kettle with a power of 1600 W, a refrigerator with a power of 350 W and an electric oven with 1200 W. Mains voltage = 220V. Current strength: ((8*60))+ 1600+350+1200/220=16.5A. Usually the house does not consume more than 25A current.
One of the most important conditions for conducting wiring is the choice of the size of the cable section for distributing electricity. If the cable is not chosen correctly, this does not threaten the best outcome of events, a minimum of overheating of the cable, a maximum of a short circuit and a fire. Therefore, the integrity of your home directly depends on this choice.
There is a specific table with which you can determine the size of the cable that is suitable for wiring.
home wiring diagram If we take the same case and we have a current strength of 16.5A, the wiring consists of copper wires and it is closed, we need a cable of at least 2 mm2. If we take 25A, then the cable will be 4 mm2. The cable varies depending on the distribution group and the load for which it will be designed.
Since the current strength often fluctuates, it is also necessary to take into account the margin of the section, and the table shows the most accurate values. That is, in order to accurately measure the size of the cable, you need to measure the entire distance and add 4 meters, for a section margin.
The residual current device is mounted in the lighting panel near the front door, and the wires are turned on. The standard RCD for the switch and lighting is 16 amps, and the sockets must be 20 amps. For an electric stove, you need an RCD with more power by 32 amperes and is placed separately.
If all the above rules and actions were done correctly, then doing the wiring with your own hands in the house will not be difficult. It is important to take into account safety precautions and adhere to all conditions, tips.
To hide the cable on the ceiling, which can spoil the whole view, you can fix it to the ceiling. And for the beauty of the ceiling, decorate with a decorative ceiling.
If you make holes in the ceilings with an entrance and an exit, stretch through them, you can get rid of the ugly appearance of the cable.
After a hole is made with a puncher in the corner of the room through which the wiring will pass, we proceed to installation.
To begin with, a shutdown shield is installed, to which the RCD is connected. The shield has inscriptions: on top - zero terminals, on the bottom - grounding, and between - automatic machines.
After that, the cable is pulled, but it is forbidden to connect it yourself, but only a qualified specialist should install it, and no one else. Several cables of a certain color are connected to the shutdown shield and the RCD: from above to 0 - a blue wire, at the same time to the RCD from above - white, to ground - yellow with a green stripe.
If the wiring is on the outside of the wall, how to do the wiring?
To do the electrical wiring, which is located on the outside of the wall, you need in order:
To close the ends of the wires, special PPE caps are used, which are determined by the color of the clamp or WAGO-type terminals.
VVG cable 3 * 2.5 in the disconnect shield is attached with a phase (should be brown or red) at the RCD, the blue cable is attached from above to zero, and the yellow wire with a green stripe is attached to the bottom of the ground. At the end, a test "ringing" of the circuit is made, and if everything is done correctly, then a qualified specialist can be invited to install the cable to the distribution board.
It is especially important to pay attention to compliance with safety measures, conducting electricity in private residential buildings, especially if the house is made of wood.
To conduct electrical wiring for such a case, additional measures must be observed, namely:
To comply with all safety measures, it is necessary to install such an RCD that, in the event of a current leakage or short circuit, will automatically knock out the machine, thereby turning it off.
A few words to conclude:
How to make wiring in the house with your own hands, for starters, you are advised to study this issue, evaluate your strengths. In principle, the task is not the most difficult, and it is quite possible to complete it, if you have ingenuity and attentiveness. And at the end of the work, you will be proud of yourself.
This work is easier for a qualified specialist to do, but he can make a mistake. And you, looking at his work from the outside, can evaluate the abilities of the master, or notice an error in time, in the timely prevention of problems. You will be able to evaluate his actions and the quality of the work performed, but you will know what you are paying for.
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