Concrete is versatile and practical material, which is used in interior decoration and finishing of street surfaces. It is made from sand, cement, if necessary, pigment and water, by vibrocasting or vibrocompression of various shapes. The area for the application of this product is very wide, but it is not always possible to afford it in terms of price, in this case you can make a tile with your own hands. To obtain quality material, you need special shapes You can buy them, or you can make your own. Read and learn to do it yourself.
As a rule, polyurethane is used to make molds, silicone molds are also popular, but they are not very durable, and plastic is not quite like a natural stone. And yet, these materials help to make the most suitable product in terms of quality and appearance. Exist different ways manufacturing facade tiles, For home use only one is suitable - vibrocasting.
The most popular forms are:
A wide range of products allows individual design solutions. The first stage of work is the manufacture of the actual molds for the further product, after we dilute the solution, we proceed directly to pouring into the molds and the last final moment is the extraction of the product.
It is worth knowing that the laying of finished facade tiles or stone requires certain measurements and calculations, in addition, the forms themselves need to be processed.
When concrete tile will be ready, it can be immediately used in the decoration of facades, or packed for storage. In addition, it is worth paying attention to some important points. Firstly, one should not forget that one correctly chosen form is not enough, it is worth strictly observing the technology of its manufacture. Such work should be carried out under a certain temperature regime, fluctuating in the region of 15-30 ᵒС, this is necessary to exclude excess oxygen in the solution and high-quality solidification. Secondly, it is safety compliance, such work must be carried out in strict observance of safety standards, eyes must be protected, gloves must be worn. It is important to have good ventilation in the room.
Facing tiles or fake diamond, is essentially an element of decorative facing stone(terracotta tiles). If to speak in simple terms about production at home, then a liquid solution is poured into the molds, already painted in a color palette.
The tile is taken out of the mold, the material is ready, but only after complete solidification.
During the improvement process, one can distinguish the following types finishes: interior - based on gypsum, exterior - based on cement. The main thing to remember is that a large part of success is the selection of quality components, as well as reducing the use of water, this will give a more solid product.
All production can be divided into 3 stages:
The manufacture of facing tiles should be done in warm time year, for example, in the summer, but the product should be dried away from the sun's rays, closed from the effects of rain and wind. The presence of a certain set of equipment will only be at hand, you can add a concrete mixer, a vibrating table, a mixer for kneading and a drying cabinet to the main one. There is nothing difficult in manufacturing according to a simplified algorithm, observing certain rules and paying attention to the quality of the products used, a decent do-it-yourself facing tile is made.
At one time in Western Europe there was a search for a material that was not inferior to stone in its properties, thus, when firing and pressing clay with brick, this product was obtained. The meaning of the word tile is rooted in German, and literally translates as "brick". Factory clinker tiles have a strong composition due to heat treatment and are only a type of ceramics, having their own advantages over it.
It is quite easy to make it yourself, its technology is simple, and, as a budget option, fits well.
Initially, you need to prepare a model of the product itself from plasticine, covered with sealant and wait for it to dry. After preparing a solution of their gypsum, sand and cement, color is added, the ingredients are mixed and poured into molds. 15 minutes is enough for the product to be ready, and so that it does not crumble and is not lubricated, it should be treated with a primer. It should be borne in mind that a hand-made product will differ in characteristics from the factory counterpart. The versatility of the material is surprising, its choice is limited only by the preferences and capabilities of homeowners.
There are several types:
Houses made of natural stone look very catchy and beautiful, all the advantages are in this material, this is durability, and strength, and presentability of the species. But, there is one big minus - the cost.
In our time, they have learned to produce material similar to real stone, and very successfully. Now the technology for the production of concrete facade tiles is not inferior in its characteristics, on the contrary, it even attracts with the price.
When certain components are introduced into the composition of concrete, the necessary properties are provided to the finished material:
To improve these indicators, modern industry various additives and additives are used. Essentially, a concrete tile looks like a brick or stone laid in several rows with an offset, like a kind of mosaic, the edge is ragged.
It is also worth paying attention to the fact that not all walls are suitable for using decor, everything is decided by the choice of material and other points.
For such walls, facade tiles with metal fasteners. It is worth noting that there are few ways of fastening exterior finish, facade tiles are mounted either on a frame base with clips, or glued, or screwed directly to the wall.
Laying under brick does not have significant differences from laying conventional ceramics. Regardless of the application surface, it must be cleaned of dirt and properly primed. It is also necessary to responsibly approach the choice of glue, because it must absorb moisture well and be resistant to frost. It is worth paying attention to the processing of the seams between the tiles, they must be wiped with high quality.
If you delimit all the work in stages, then it looks something like this:
The properties of clinker are very attractive, the tile is resistant to cold, is durable, unpretentious in maintenance, has a low level of water absorption, is resistant to mechanical impact. This is a big number of pluses. homemade tiles in no way inferior in its quality to the factory alternative. In addition, such a house will look very solid and attractive, and its facade will not lose its appearance for a long time.
Summing up, it can be noted that, in principle, almost any material can be made by hand and no worse than it is done in factory production. The main thing is to follow the safety rules, not to violate the technology and to approach the choice of materials responsibly, and then you can get a result that will delight you with reliability for many years, decorate with your personality and will not burden your wallet.
Facade tiles are one of the most reliable and popular options for outdoor decoration. They make it from sand-cement mixture, so the material is environmentally friendly. Thanks to the simple technology of laying facade tiles, it can be used not only to decorate the facade. The material is also suitable for finishing basements, balconies. Among the variety of types and textures, you can easily choose the right option.
This material is only for exterior finish buildings or their individual elements. Therefore, it has the following set of technical characteristics:
Average life time facade tiles - 50 years and over.
For finishing facades, you can use any option. Each of them has its own distinctive properties.
Table 1. Classification of facade tiles.
| Name | materials | Peculiarities |
|---|---|---|
| From natural stone | Raw materials are natural materials | It weighs a lot, so it requires special care during installation. It looks solid and has a unique pattern, but if you need to replace one or more elements, it will not be easy to choose a tile that is similar in color |
| Porcelain stoneware | A mixture of quartz, clay and spar | It looks like natural stone, but is cheaper. Easily withstands moisture and temperature changes |
| Concrete | Made on the basis of concrete, covered with special paint | Imitates any surface - marble, stone, brick. Suitable only for warm climates, because it is not resistant to temperature changes |
| Clinker | Clay, dyes | Fired in a special kiln at 1200°C. Features increased wear resistance |
| Agglomerate | Blend of quartz and synthetic additives | Obtained by plasma-vacuum sintering. It has increased strength, but it is lighter than brick and stone. Not suitable for carrying function |
Any of these varieties can be mounted do it yourself. For this, it is necessary to carry out preparatory work:
Advice! For greater reliability, you can use a reinforcing mesh. It is mounted in the process of plastering walls.
Decorative rock
Facade tiles do not have to be purchased. If there is special equipment and the necessary knowledge, the material can be made by hand. Then you can develop your own unique samples, experiment with the composition. But it is better not to violate the basic proportions and production technology so that the product turns out with a good set of characteristics. There are two ways to make finishing material at home.
For this, the most affordable option raw materials - concrete. To prepare the composition, you will need:
Important! If you do not add a plasticizer to the solution, it will not differ in frost resistance and water repellency.
Production order:
To give the tiles the desired shade, you can add dye into concrete at the stage of its mixing. But there is a more economical option - coating the inner surface of the mold with paint before pouring it with a solution.
Suitable for all varieties finishing material, but most often used for the manufacture of clinker tiles. Allows you to increase the density of the material without the use of a large volume of liquid. Polyurethane molds are used for filling.
Clinker tiles are made as follows:
The result is a material with increased resistance to damage, so the need for repairs is minimized. After dismantling, such a tile can be used re.
There are two options for laying tiles - dry and wet.
Its second name is ventilated facade. With this mounting option, additional thermal insulation of the building is created. This method is considered the most costly And reliable. The dry version is more suitable for laying porcelain tiles, but it can also be used for mounting other types of materials.
Its design includes the following elements:
As a heater, it is better to use non-combustible material - mineral wool . Installation is carried out in a certain order:
Note! If the facade tiles already have factory fixing plates, they are attached to the profile using self-tapping screws.
Ceramic tiles
To fix the tiles, a special mixture is used. The adhesive mortar is made on a cement-sand basis. It is better to take it from the same manufacturer as the tile. This method is more suitable for ceramic tiles.
Required tools:
Important! For wet process styling fit only sunny weather. In this case, the air temperature must be within +5-25 degrees.
The installation process consists of several stages:
Excess glue is wiped off with a piece of dry cloth. If you perform all the work in accordance with the instructions, the tile will last a long time.
They are filled with a solution to bind all the elements into a single whole. It also contributes to enhanced sealing of the seams. After this procedure, the facade looks noble, and the finish is less exposed to the aggressive influence of the external environment. Grouting is carried out in several stages. Each of them has its own characteristics.
Step 1. Moisturizing the seams. Before starting work, you need to wait until the solution is completely dry - 10 to 15 days. If you start the jointing of the seams ahead of time, this will negatively affect the strength of the finish.
Attention! The water that is included adhesive mixture will not find a way out and will destroy facade from the inside. This is especially dangerous for regions with extremely low air temperatures in winter.
Work with seams begins with their moistening. For this, a sprayer is used. Due to wetting with water, adhesion between surfaces is improved. It is necessary to moisten the seams in all directions - both horizontally and vertically.
Step 2. Mixing the solution. A mixture based on lime and cement has good plasticity. It is easy to level and distribute on the work surface. cement in pure form not suitable for this. It can only be used with the addition of plasticizers to ensure the normal hardening of the mixture.
construction mixer
To prepare the solution, you will need the following components:
Liquid plasticizer can be used instead of lime. The solution is mixed in a certain order:
If you do not want to prepare the mixture yourself, you can buy ready-made. Then it is used in accordance with the instructions that come with it.
Note! The strength of the solution depends not only on compliance with the technology of its mixing. This is also affected by the base on which the mixture is applied. It must be clean and even.
Step 3. Filling the seams. The moistened surface is filled with a ready-made solution. This is done as follows:
Composition consumption for tiles with thickness from 8 to 12 mm will be within 4-5 kg per 1 sq.m. During work part grout mixture crumbles. In order to save money, it is better to lay a clean plastic film on the floor. The crumbled solution can be carefully collected and used for its intended purpose.
Sealant gun
Step 4. Cleaning and moisturizing the seams. After tamping, you need to remove the remnants of the mortar from the tile. To do this, carefully sweep the finish with a brush with soft bristles or a soft brush.
Advice! Movements are performed diagonally. Then you can easily remove the excess mixture without damaging the seams.
After that, the seams are sprayed with water from the sprayer. This helps prevent premature drying of the mortar and its cracking.
Clinker tiles are a material increased strength. But in order for it to serve for a long time, it is necessary to follow the technology of working with it. Installation of finishing material takes place in stages.
As a base for finishing, you can use plaster or reinforced concrete with increased frost resistance. There are special requirements for the base:
There must be a layer waterproofing to prevent moisture penetration and destruction of the facade. If there are fragile places on the base that crumble, they are removed. All irregularities are leveled with plaster no later than 3 days before laying.
Important! Additionally, you can install thermal insulation. Then the heat will not spread in external environment, pathogenic microorganisms and fungus will not penetrate the house. At the same time, heating costs in the cold season will be reduced by almost half.
For this purpose, it is most convenient to use a mechanical mixer. Preparing a cement mortar M-500 and sand in the ratio 1:3 . Into this mixture in small portions water is added and mixed until the mass becomes plastic and homogeneous.
Can also be applied ready solution, but the scope of its application should correspond to the planned construction work. Such glue is most often applied to the tile itself, so do not leave it on inside important notes or calculations.
Attention! You can not immediately apply too much glue mixture, otherwise the mass will become weathered or dry. Excess solution is removed immediately before it hardens.
Before proceeding with the installation process, the materials must be removed from the packaging and mixed so that there are no sharp deviations in color. Only slight differences in shades are allowed.
Start laying only in good weather - at a temperature within +5-30 degrees and no rain. If it is too hot outside or the precipitation does not stop, and the work needs to be urgently continued, you can use a shelter in the form of an awning and a background.
Advice! If thermal panels with clinker coating are used, they can be mounted at any weather conditions. This will not affect the quality of the finish.
The process of laying clinker tiles occurs in a certain order:
Note! For ease of installation, the walls can be divided into conditional squares with a side 1m. If the contours of the tile do not fit into this figure, it can be cut with a saw.”
In order for the facade decoration to look harmonious and be durable, it is recommended to adhere to the following tips:
Also, pay attention to our article on the topic - where we analyzed the installation technology in detail.
Facade tiles are becoming more and more popular, and the process of its installation is not very laborious. Even a beginner can cope with this if he takes into account the laying technology. In order for the finish to look spectacular, perform a protective function and retain heat inside the building for longer, you need to carefully consider its installation.
For cladding outside buildings use different facing materials, for example,. The production of clinker tiles has a low cost and production time. It is possible to choose a variety of materials as the basis. Most often used mineral mixtures. Cement, quartz sand and clay are mixed. A simple manufacturing process makes it possible to produce tiles on their own but this requires special equipment.
IN modern world can buy different types clinker, with large differences in colors, with the most daring design solutions. And also to simplify the coating, you can purchase special forms for tiles. Despite the availability of clinker, the total cost of covering a home's floor space can be significant. The forms are designed to simplify the process of making plates with your own hands, which will significantly reduce the cost of the process. But more on that later.
The front tile has essential differences from similar facing materials.
If you compare it with a tile, then it is the undisputed leader. It is used exclusively for finishing buildings, so it has a wide range of qualities:
Of all the above, the most important condition is to ensure the durability of the coating. The facing tile should have a long period during which it will not change its properties and appearance.
For wide production, the two most popular technologies are used: semi-dry pressing and extrusion production.
Extrusion Process
For making tiles at home, these methods are also suitable, but you need to make a number of changes to the technology.
The main differences between the methods lie in the principle of molding. The first method involves pressing the material, after which the product, which has taken shape, is placed in an oven and fired, excluding drying from the process.
The product is obtained with a low density, low weight, but, as a result, insufficient strength. The advantage of this technology is that finished material for cladding, it practically does not conduct heat, which in some areas is valued much more than resistance to damage.
The second method is carried out using an extruder.
If to speak plain language, then this is a large meat grinder through which clay is passed. The material is crushed and formed in a vacuum press. The workpiece is dried and after that it is sent to the kiln for firing.
This way of producing facade tiles is used much more often, because the resulting product has great strength, is immune to abrasion, and it is extremely difficult to damage it in any way.
Before you start making facade tiles, you need to make sure that you have a basis for manufacturing:
The production of facade tiles involves the use of vibration casting technology.
In addition, the properties of tiles depend on the quality and temperature of firing. All this will require equipment that cannot be saved on. You need to understand that making with your own hands is much more difficult, and therefore the process requires more attention.
The next step will be the choice of filler, you can use whatever your heart desires, for example, sand, shells, sparkles or glass chips.
It is important to understand that the tile will not encounter loads of various kinds, so the most important point will become rid of the air inside the structure. After all, it is he who will cause the destruction of the tiles in the cold months.
It is quite easy to make tiles on your own, but you need to understand that you will need some equipment for this:
You can do without a concrete mixer if the owner has a lot of free time. To prepare a large volume of solution, you can use portions of 10 liters and mix them with a perforator with a mixer.
The production of clinker tiles will take place using a vibrating table. And also there is an option to carry out vibrations on their own or to make a device similar in design.
In order to obtain a material that meets all requirements, it is required to purchase only quality raw materials. Making tiles at home is a very risky process, especially for first-timers.
However, one should not be afraid of difficulties, because if you clearly follow the instructions from experienced craftsmen, then the result will leave you satisfied. Technological process has the following subtleties:
Do-it-yourself tiles will come out much cheaper than an analogue from a store, and the quality may not be inferior, but if you do not want to spend your time and money on a tedious production process, then you can use the offers of companies that have already established themselves as experienced manufacturers of facade tiles.
Igor Robertovich, Chelyabinsk asks a question:
I heard that do-it-yourself brick clinker tiles are made quite simply, but they didn’t explain the work technology to me. Now he has built a cottage, and the question arose of finishing the facade. I have not yet decided what to do: buy ready-made material or try to make tiles myself? I would like to know the advantages of clinker tiles, the features of manufacturing and installation, in order to do the decoration with my own hands. Thank you in advance.
The expert answers:
Do-it-yourself clinker brick tiles are made using a silicone mold and use simple materials: gypsum, cement, sand and color.
Manufacturing technology is simple. First, a tile model is made from plasticine, covered with silicone and waiting for drying. 2 cans silicone sealant Enough for 2 molds. Next, a solution is prepared: 2 portions of gypsum, 1 portion of sand, 1 portion of cement.
Color is added, everything is stirred and poured into the mold. After 15 minutes the product is ready. You can dry it in the oven or on a stove bench. So that the tile does not crumble and does not smear, it must be covered with a primer.
A homemade product will not have the characteristics of a factory-made material, but sometimes this is a good way out of a difficult situation.
Clinker tiles from the manufacturer are a type of ceramics. It has high strength, due to the long firing of clay. high temperature. It is easy to work with, but the price is several times higher than that of ceramic tiles.
If you do not have work experience, read the instructions and watch a video that will show the installation and manufacturing features.
The technology of laying clinker tiles under brick does not differ much from laying conventional ceramic tiles. Regardless of whether you will be laying tiles on a concrete or plastered surface, the surface must be flat, cleaned of dirt and covered with soil.
It is necessary to choose the right glue. For facades, you need high-quality material that does not absorb moisture and is resistant to low temperatures.
Clinker withstands dampness, frost, Sun rays. He doesn't need further care if the seams between the tiles are well worn.
Work is carried out according to the generally accepted scheme.
Main stages of work:
Tools used:
The wall is leveled and primed. On concrete wall you need to put a rough layer of plaster with the installation of a facade mesh. If the wall is well leveled, then the tile is moistened only with water or a small layer of glue. The thickness of the seam is due to special removable inserts or a rod.
It is necessary to mark the wall with a water level and a paint cord. Usually work starts from the second row, because the first basement row is laid out last. Sometimes work begins along the guide, which is laid out according to the level from the bottom in the second row.
Laying should start from window and doorways or from corners. We apply glue with a notched trowel and combine the tiles relative to each other according to the principle of brickwork.
The tile adhesive is applied with a spatula with a tooth depth of about 10 mm. The product under the brick is placed in a run, as with brickwork. For laying corners, you need to use corner elements that will help imitate brickwork and speed up the process.
When laying clinker tiles under a brick with their own hands, a rod is sometimes used. To lay the next seam, a rod is placed on top of the previous one to ensure a uniform arrangement of the material.
Further, when the glue dries, the rod or inserts are removed and the seam is filled. mortar for grouting. The seams must be carefully sealed to prevent water from getting under the tiles. The solution is prepared using a mixer, using the manufacturer's recommendations.
A house lined with clinker tiles looks solid, stylish, attractive, and the facade will not fade or dilapidate even after a long time.
Each owner of suburban real estate wants his house to be not only durable, warm and cozy, but also look attractive from the outside. For decoration external walls At home, there are many beautiful and durable materials. These are vinyl, plastic, metal, polymer and insulating facade panels, fiber cement and porcelain stoneware slabs various sizes, colors and textures. They can be attached to the walls both on self-tapping screws, and sit on a special glue. facade panels, the price of which, although low, requires certain skills and the involvement of specialists for their installation. The best solution for finishing the walls of the house will be facade tiles. Its installation on the wall does not require the involvement of specialists and specific construction equipment.
To date construction stores present for sale different kinds facade tiles that differ great variety colors and unexpected design solutions. In these stores you can also buy plastic molds for them. The Forteza panel is distinguished by the most interesting execution and design. These products are made in the form of blocks. Despite affordable prices, in order to cover the entire house with facade tiles, a considerable amount will be required, which not everyone has.
Modern technologies can significantly reduce the cost of the process of facing a private house.
Making tiles with your own hands is quite possible to establish at home, and this does not require special equipment for production.
To make tiles with your own hands, you do not need industrial-sized rooms. This work can be organized in a barn, garage or even outdoors under a canopy. Tiles can be made from various materials. So, the following types of material can be the basis for manufacturing:
At home, it is preferable to make facade tiles using vibration casting technology. Clinker tiles, despite their obvious quality and strength, require firing. This requires special equipment, which is incompatible with savings.
The solution, which is poured into molds, may contain various fillers that give finished products certain type and properties.
As a filler solution can be used materials such as:
Given that no load will act on the tile, the main task in its production will be to get rid of air bubbles that can cause cracking and destruction in extreme cold.
Based on this, you will need the following tools and equipment for the production of facade tiles with your own hands:
If the owner of the house is not in a big hurry, then to make the mortar there is no need to purchase a concrete mixer, but to prepare the mortar in small portions of 10-12 liters in buckets using a perforator with a nozzle. The vibrating table is quite convenient equipment for the production of facade tiles. But given its cost, you can either make its analogue yourself, or carry out vibration manually.
Work on the production of facade tiles should be carried out at a temperature of +15°C to +30°C. This temperature range contributes to the highest quality solidification of the solution. In order to comply with safety measures, it is necessary to use protective goggles and gloves. The production area must be well ventilated. First of all, forms are prepared. They are installed on a vibrating table or on a surface regular table. Inner surface smeared vegetable oil or liquid soap. This will make it easier to separate the tile from the mold. After that, a solution is prepared for pouring into molds.
Solution recipes may vary. In the case of making tiles from cement, the technology is as follows: 1 part of sand and 0.5 parts of water are poured into a concrete mixer (bucket) and mixed for 1 minute. Then 2 parts of cement and 1 part of water are added. After stirring for 2-3 minutes, 4 parts of sand and 0.5 parts of water are added. The solution is stirred. It should not be liquid, but resemble a modeling solution. When the solution has reached the desired consistency, the dye is added. After 1-2 minutes of stirring, the solution is ready.
The next step is to lay out the solution in separate forms. This is done on a working vibrating table. The solution is gradually added with a trowel and distributed between the individual molds wide spatula. All the while, the form is vibrating. You can easily see how air bubbles come to the surface. When all individual forms filled, they are generally leveled with a wide spatula. Along the way, the solution is removed along the sides of the mold. Then the form on the pallet is installed in the drying cabinet or on the rack. It is possible to provide holes for self-tapping screws in the forms.
The hardening period lasts 2 days. All this time forms do not disturb. Next, the form is lowered into the bath with water for 2-3 minutes. warm water temperature from +40°С to +60°С. After removing the mold from the water, the tiles are removed from it. This is done by hand or by tapping with a rubber mallet. The tile is ready. It will be suitable for fixing on the wall in 7-10 days.
On the wall is no big deal. Vertical and horizontal elements of the frame are fastened to the wall with self-tapping screws. Tiles on the frame are fixed with clamps and self-tapping screws. Between the elements of the frame, you can lay plates of mineral basalt wool. This will significantly warm the house. After that, successively screwing the kleimers to the frame with self-tapping screws, the cladding of the house is mounted from home-made facade tiles.
In the event of a breakdown of one or more tiles, such a facade will be easy to repair. To do this, you should have several dozen facade tiles in stock. You need to store them indoors or under a canopy.
