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The issue of arranging the sewer system of a private house is quite acute, because the price of a mistake can be quite high. With flaws in the design and installation of sewage, there will always be an unpleasant smell inside the room, which brings not only discomfort, but also real harm to the health of households.

Thinking through the schemes of sewer systems, many homeowners think about what a fan pipe is and what is the real use of it. Professional plumbers answer this question unambiguously, they consider it an indispensable element of a septic tank, which cannot be dispensed with. In this article, we will explain how the installation of a fan pipe is carried out, and what are its functions.

What it is?

A vent pipe is an element of a communication system that provides a connection between the sewer riser and the atmosphere. Wastewater moves along the riser strictly from top to bottom, therefore, when using several devices located on different floors at once, a vacuum effect occurs inside the riser. A rarefaction appears in the system, due to which water is sucked in and the water seal dries out. In the absence of a water plug, unpleasant odors from the sewer enter the room, which greatly reduces the comfort of its use.

The process of vacuum formation inside the sewer riser is associated with the cross section of the riser and the volume of wastewater. Many household appliances use sewerage to dispose of wastewater - a toilet, a bathtub, a sink, a washing machine. The maximum volume of simultaneous drain at the bath, but individually, each of the devices cannot completely fill the sewer system. The situation changes when several devices are used at the same time, and wastewater fills the entire volume of the riser. In this case, due to the rarefaction in the riser, water with a squelching sound is sucked out of the siphon, and an unpleasant odor penetrates into the room.

Important! Installation of fan pipes is not carried out in all houses. The need to install this element is determined by the number of storeys of the house, the number of devices that drain into the sewer and the frequency of use, as well as the diameter of the sewer riser.

Functions

The fan pipe is a connecting element between the sewer riser and the atmosphere, where fetid fumes are removed. It is connected to the sewer system at the lowest point of rigidity and is discharged vertically through a ventilation duct located near the roof ridge. Therefore, for one-story, small or seasonally used houses, the installation of fan pipes is optional. Although this element of the sewer system performs the following functions:

Note! A sewer valve or, as it is also called, an air valve. It is placed on the main axis of the sewer riser on the upper floors of the house, where dirt, splashes, dust will not get on the device's membrane.

With a sharp simultaneous discharge into the sewer, sewage carries up to 25 liters of air with it, which creates a state close to vacuum in the system. At this moment, the fan valve sucks in air from the room in order to reduce the rarefaction in the pipe, while the water seal is maintained, and odors do not penetrate into the room.

How to determine what installation is required?

A fan pipe is an optional, but highly desirable element of the sewer system, which perfectly stabilizes its operation. It is believed that installation is necessary for all houses with a height of more than one floor. However, when designing sewers, it is important to take into account other secondary factors:

Remember that the amount of wastewater is affected not only by the number of plumbing fixtures, but also by the intensity of their use. If there are two bathrooms in the building, located one above the other, but only one family lives in it, then it is unlikely that a fan pipe will be needed, but it definitely will not be superfluous.

Types of pipes

When designing the sewer systems of private houses, many factors must be taken into account, ranging from the number of floors and devices that drain water into the riser, ending with the diameter of the pipes. Fan pipes are categorized according to their shape, diameter and the material used to make them. The diameter of the drain pipe depends on the diameter of the sewer riser. According to the material, they are divided into the following types:

Please note! When installing or replacing a fan pipe, it is possible to connect cast-iron sections with plastic ones, the main thing is to choose the diameter of the pipes correctly so that in no case will there be a decrease in the section in the system.

Installation Requirements

Installation and replacement of a fan pipe is a rather complicated plumbing operation, for which a project and experience are required. In most cases, it is laid strictly vertically, and is removed through the ventilation duct in the roof. In rare cases, it is possible to bring the exhaust pipe horizontally through the walls of the upper floors. The installation requirements for this item are as follows:

Remember that, in fact, fan pipes are a continuation of the sewer riser, so they are made from special sewer pipes. If the lower part of the pipe passes through an unheated room, it must be insulated.

Video instruction

Autonomous sewerage of private houses is a rather complex structure, which must comply with all established standards. Otherwise, it will work inefficiently or you will have to carry out frequent restoration work. An example is when a vacuum is created in a pipe. Consider the features of installing a fan sewer in a private house in more detail.

1. When drains are drained through a vertical pipe, a rarefaction process occurs, which can be partially compensated by the remaining drains in the siphons. In such cases, problems with the operation of the sewer system do not arise.
2. With a one-time salvo release, a sewer vacuum is created. This problem is quite common if the fan riser is not installed.
3. The fan sewer eliminates the possibility of a vacuum, in which the smell and the drains themselves can fall back into the room.
4. In the presence of an exit to the atmosphere, the formed vapors and gases are naturally understood upwards. As a result, vapors and gases do not enter the outlet pipes located at an angle, that is, the problem is solved.

It is worth considering the moment that building codes determine the absence of the need to install a background riser due to a small one-time emission of wastewater. Vacuum occurs when wastewater fills the entire section over a sufficiently long section, which is possible only when choosing a pipe of small diameter or with a large one-time discharge from several sources back.

In general, we can say that the system under consideration is technically simple. The pipe, represented by the riser, also performs the function of a branch. The main thing is to comply with all requirements for the creation of this system.

Fan pipe design

To begin with, let's pay attention to the cases in which it is necessary to create a fan sewer:

1. In the case when the riser or a large section of the sewer pipe has a diameter of less than 0.5 cm. Even for a house that has only a few sources of wastewater, such a section is quite small.
2. When using an autonomous sewerage system of a closed type, for example, septic tanks into which oxygen is not pumped. If the effluents are discharged into semi-open wells, then the vacuum in the system passes partially. Septic tanks are built in such a way that they are completely isolated from the outside world. In this way, the likelihood that an unpleasant odor will spread throughout the territory is eliminated.
3. In the case of a high probability of salvo discharge of a huge amount of water. If the house has several bathrooms and showers, swimming pools, artificial reservoirs, as well as a large number of equipment that uses water in their work, then a fan removal of vapors and gases should be provided, since a volley discharge will be significant.

When designing a fan pipe, the following points are taken into account:

1. The diameter of the fan pipe and the sewer riser must exactly match. Only in this case it is possible to ensure effective discharge of the sewer system to eliminate the possibility of a vacuum.
2. The location of the fan pipe relative to windows and balconies should also be taken into account, since unpleasant air will enter the room.
3. The fan pipe must be located strictly vertically, otherwise its efficiency drops significantly. Therefore, when creating a project, this point should be taken into account.
4. If the house has an attic floor, it is necessary to provide for the location of the outlet near the walls and other communication elements. That is why, when building a private house, its project is already created with a background sewer system.
5. All information is applied to the design drawings of the structure, which avoids problems.

When choosing the type of pipe, attention should be paid to the following points:

1. To solve the problem, a PVC version is also suitable. Such pipes have a lot of advantages, among which we note low cost and weight. The light ones are easier to fix, they do not require maintenance. Modern autonomous sewer systems are often created using PVC options.
2. Cast iron pipes can also be installed, which have recently enjoyed low popularity. There are quite a few disadvantages: high cost, high weight, difficulties during installation work, and so on.
3. More recently, when creating a fan sewer, ceramic pipes were used, but today they are extremely rare. The reasons are high cost and fragility.

The above information determines that it is important enough to carry out the creation of the project in a timely manner and implement it.

Fan riser requirements

Considering the requirements for a fan riser, you should understand the principle of operation of the system. A bad smell can appear from pipes or an installed septic tank. The resulting vapors have a specific mass less than atmospheric, as a result of which they rise up through the system.

A large number of requirements are not imposed on the fan riser:

1. It must be straight forward. Vapors rise naturally. This moment defines insufficient traction. Therefore, only straight sections of the system should be installed.
2. When creating a riser, a pipe of the same diameter should be used. Otherwise, the generated thrust will not be enough. Do not use different adapters, as this significantly reduces traction.
3. When locating the riser, one should take into account the fact that an unpleasant odor will come out of the pipe and be carried by the wind around the area. It will be almost impossible to avoid this, so the location of other residential premises should be taken into account.

Requirements depend on the complexity of the system and many other points.

Fan pipe alternative

It is possible to solve the problem under consideration, associated with the appearance of an unpleasant smell in the house from the sewer system, by installing:

1. Return sewer valve. Such a design can prevent wastewater from moving in the opposite direction. A locking mechanism can also be used to prevent bad odors from entering the room.
2. Locks located in siphons. This mechanism is installed in the outlet sections of the pipes to the riser. They are represented by various valves that can be closed manually.

However, the system under consideration does not have high efficiency in the case of a burst of sewage when a vacuum is created.

Installation of a fan pipe and outlet to the roof

The above information determines that a fan pipe may be needed quite often. You can carry out its installation with your own hands if you have the material at hand.

1. First you need to deal with the existing sewer system. The first step is to replace the old pipes, which are best replaced with plastic ones. Cast iron products are becoming less and less popular over time, as they are not practical to use, the surface has a high roughness, which causes severe blockages. It is possible to carry out dismantling work quite quickly and simply: the pipeline is disconnected from the riser, after which disassembly is carried out in stages. Significant problems can arise with old cast iron pipes.
2. It is recommended to install fan pipes from the lowest point of rigidity. As a rule, it is located in the main riser. If the work is carried out in a country house, then installation is recommended to start from the place where the foundation began. The work is represented by the creation of holes in the supporting structures, after which the pipe is installed and temporarily fixed with clamps. After installing all the plumbing, a drain outlet is brought to the source of waste, for example, the toilet bowl.
3. If it is difficult to create a flexible sewer pipe when the nozzles do not fit into each other, soap or silicone can be used. These substances lubricate the sealing rings. Do not apply heavy loads, as PVC pipes and O-rings may be damaged.
4. When installing a fan pipe, it is recommended to use only metal clamps. This type of fastening is the most reliable. The studs on a standard clamp, which is made of metal, has a helical structure. This moment allows you to fine-tune the features of the connection.
5. Installation work should also include insulation of the structure. Particular attention is paid to the zone of contact of the pipe with other elements of the structure. Of course, PVC does not respond to environmental influences, but nevertheless, care should be taken to protect the sewer elements. Despite the large number of advantages of PVC pipes, there is also a significant drawback, which is poor insulating qualities. Due to the small thickness of the walls, the sound of falling sewage can spread throughout the room. This problem can be avoided by insulating effluent or vapor outlets with foam. You can also use mineral wool in the form of rolls.

If repairs are necessary, please pay attention to the following points:

1. As previously noted, the fan pipe should have a diameter equal to the diameter of the riser or have a larger one.
2. The end of the exit must not be bent or narrowed. However, special caps can be installed to prevent rainwater and snow from entering the system.
3. It is recommended to lay most of the pipe in a warm room, and only the ends in a cold zone. In order to create additional thrust, the required pressure drop is created due to a sharp change in temperature. In any case, part of the pipe will be located in the cold part of the room.
4. The number of risers in the house also determines the number of fan pipes. Therefore, when designing an autonomous sewage system, a significant increase in the number of risers in the room should be avoided.

At the design stage, quite a lot of attention should be paid to the fan pipes and their locations. Often the design of the house is related to how many exits there will be, as they will be located on the roof or attic floor.

In conclusion, we note that when installing a fan riser, it is necessary to replace the elements of an existing system. This is due to the partial implementation of installation work.

A vent pipe is a sewer component, without which it is impossible to equip a bathroom. It is designed to communicate the sewer riser with the atmosphere, prevents the formation of wastewater and the appearance of an unpleasant odor in the bathroom.

A toilet drain pipe installed in the toilet prevents underpressure in the sewer system and ensures uninterrupted operation of water locks. In our material, we will understand what kind of fan pipes are, and also talk about the rules for their installation.

Fan pipes are classified according to the structural material used in the manufacture of products.

The classification divides the fan pipes into 2 types:

• metal;
• plastic.

The metal (cast iron) version can be installed in a sewer system made of a similar material. Plastic products can be installed in both plastic and cast iron pipelines.

When installing a plastic element, a flexible sewer pipe, a monolithic elbow or a compact adapter is obtained. Cast iron products do not have flexibility and do not differ in a variety of shapes.

What is a fan pipe used for?

According to the building codes in force today, the process of building a sewerage system for a one-story house can be carried out without a fan pipe. This is due to the small number of one-time drains.

If the building consists of two or more floors or the housing is equipped with several bathrooms, then a fan pipe is required in order to ensure stable pressure in the sewer system. This element connects the riser to the atmosphere, maintaining a stable atmospheric pressure even in the event of a volumetric release of water from the toilet tank, which provokes a vacuum in the outlet line.

According to accepted building codes, in a one-story building with one bathroom, there is a minimum amount of drains, so installing a vent pipe in the bathroom is optional.

If several toilet rooms are equipped in the living room, then the situation changes dramatically and a vent pipe installed on the toilet is a vital necessity.

This rule applies in the following cases:

• the house has 2 or more levels, which are equipped with a sewer system and water supply;
• cross-sectional diameter of the sewer riser - 50 mm;
• there is a pool or water equipment inside the building that drains a significant amount of wastewater into the sewer;
• The septic tank is located close to the house, which can cause a rather unpleasant odor.

In the above cases, vacuum without a vent pipe can lead to the rapid emptying of the siphons under the toilet or sink, which will ensure direct contact of the "atmosphere" of the septic tank with the microclimate of the room.

Thus, the installation of a fan product in the sewer system ensures a stable pressure in the outlet pipeline and preserves the integrity of the water drains in the siphons under special drain holes that cut off the unpleasant aroma of septic tanks from the home microclimate.

The construction of a sewerage and ventilation system with fan pipes is rational in the following cases:

• when installing a sewer riser in a private house with a diameter of 50 mm;
• if the house has two or more floors, each of which has bathrooms;
• a private house is equipped with plumbing equipment, for example, a pool that generates powerful water flows;
• an autonomous sewerage system is located next to the residential building.

Toilets with direct (vertical) outlet to the floor are mounted using special spare parts. The sewer interchange is usually located under the floors, and the pipes do not require walls and partitions.

Plumbing installation with horizontal outlet

Connecting toilet models with a direct (horizontal to the floor) outlet is relevant for the conditions in our country. This is due to the fact that the bathroom is tied to a specific wall of the toilet room due to the specific wiring of sewer pipes in typical Russian houses.

Since the release in these models is directed backwards, it is located in the back of the product. The outlet pipe is attached to the pipe using a sealing cuff.

During installation, special attention should be paid to fixing the plumbing equipment to the floor of the bathroom. The legs of the bowl of sanitary ware with a horizontal outlet have specially made holes designed to securely fix the toilet bowl to the floor.

Connecting plumbing fixtures with direct outlet ends with an installation process during which screws and dowels are used. Fastening must be carried out carefully, since in the case of a strong “pulling out” of the screw, the integrity of the surface of the sanitary ware can be damaged.

Installation of plumbing equipment with an oblique outlet

The process of installing and connecting plumbing equipment with an oblique outlet is carried out in stages:

1. Before connecting plumbing to the sewer system, the outlet of the device with grooves located inside should be lubricated with a mixture of red lead and drying oil (or sealant).
2. From above it is necessary to carefully wind the resin strand. The tip of the 0.5 cm long process must remain free, since the ends of the strand can fall into the hole and cause clogging.
3. The wrapped resin strand is lubricated with red lead.

Then the toilet bowl is installed, during which the outlet process is fixed in the socket of the sewer pipe.

Internal drains from the building must be regularly transported to the external sewerage system, which is necessary for operation. Its work is ensured thanks to special risers, which are equipped with fan pipes. When removing the sewer riser to the roof, in no case should you install additional exhaust devices like a deflector and weather vanes. You will need to connect several risers through one fan pipeline. Prepare the ventilation duct in advance. Connect the skew tee first, then the 45 degree elbow, then the elbow, and then the straight tee.

1. Bring the fan pipeline to a height of 30 to 50 cm from the ridge, if the roof is not in constant use. If the roof is constantly used, for example, as a summer terrace, then it is necessary to draw a conclusion three meters high.
2. If two or three risers are installed in your sewer system in your house, equip them with one ventilation pipe.
3. From windows and balconies, the distance when installing the ventilation piping must be at least 4 m.

Do not take the ventilation fan pipeline under the roof overhang, it can be damaged by snow and rain that falls on the roof and begins to slide and fall.

A healthy microclimate in the house consists of several factors. It would be a mistake to think that it depends only on the presence or absence of an air conditioner and a properly installed ventilation system. The most important component of the fresh atmosphere of the home is a well-mounted fan pipe. She successfully copes with odors emerging from the sewer. The presence and normal functioning of the structure guarantees the absence of the “aroma” of sewage and loud unpleasant sounds in the house when the water is drained.

The principle of operation of the fan pipe

This device is designed to provide ventilation to the sewage system. It connects the sewer pipe structure to the atmosphere or to a specially designed ventilation duct. The shape and length of the device can be arbitrary. You can find straight, bent at an angle, vertical and horizontal parts.

When arranging the sewer system, the installation of a fan pipe is most often performed - a ventilated riser. The functioning of the device prevents the smell of sewage from entering the apartment

The principle of operation of the fan pipe is quite simple. Wastewater discharged into a vertical riser creates a vacuum in the pipeline. In part, it can be compensated by the water in the siphons of plumbing equipment. But with a powerful drain or a high riser height, the vacuum formed in the sewer pipe, with a characteristic "champing" sound, breaks the equipment's water seals, draining the siphons. In this case, there are no obstacles to the smell from the sewer.

In systems equipped with a fan pipe, everything happens a little differently. The vacuum created in the sewer pipeline does not have time to "suck" the water out of the siphons. This is prevented by atmospheric air, which begins to be sucked into the system simultaneously with the appearance of vacuum in it. Thus, the water seals in the plumbing equipment remain in place and successfully prevent the penetration of unpleasant sewer odors into the apartment.

When is ventilation required?

According to the norms, a sewer pipe for sewerage is mandatory installed in the following cases:

• The building has more than two residential floors, each of which is equipped with a sewerage and water supply system.
• A one-story building is equipped with a pool or has other devices that can produce one-time effluents of a significant volume.
• Sewer risers in the building have a diameter of 50 mm.

Low-rise buildings are usually erected without ventilation installation. However, it should be borne in mind that this is advisable only for small one-time flows. Determining their level is quite easy. Installation of the device will be considered necessary if the flow of wastewater can completely block the vertical riser.

The most common situation: the toilet bowl is most often installed on a pipe with a diameter of 110 mm, the outlet of the drain tank has a cross section of 70 mm and a pipeline with a diameter of 50 mm departs from the bath.

In multi-storey buildings, where water supply and sewerage are connected to each apartment, the installation of a vent pipe is necessary. The riser is displayed on the roof

It becomes clear that the simultaneous operation of one bath and one toilet will not create problems. Even if a dishwasher or a washing machine and a sink are connected to the sewer, they will not be able to seriously increase the volume of a single drain. Therefore, ventilation in this case is mounted as desired. But if several bathrooms and toilet rooms are planned in the house, it becomes impossible to do without equipment.

Ventilation must be installed not only in engineering systems, but throughout the house. How to do it right, you will learn from our article:.

Features of the installation

The installation of such a riser can be carried out independently. First of all, for this you need to purchase suitable pipes. You need to understand that the design is a direct continuation of the sewer pipeline, so the pipes from which the main system is assembled are quite suitable for it.

It should be ensured that the cross section of the element to be installed coincides with the sewer opening or is slightly larger. Practice shows that the optimal diameter of the fan pipe is 110 mm.

To ensure the pressure and temperature difference necessary to create traction, it is recommended to choose a place in a heated room for the initial section of the riser. The final section, on the contrary, must be placed in a cold one. This should be an open place, then the draft created in the pipe will freely remove unpleasant odors into the atmosphere. The actual installation of the device is extremely simple: the installation of the structure is carried out in a pre-prepared ventilation duct.

There are two practically equivalent options for the competent arrangement of a fan pipe: the removal of a ventilation riser to the roof and the installation of a check valve

Check valve system

The equipment put in place can be equipped with a special system called. It allows normal operation without the ventilation riser to the roof. In addition, the device is necessary for:

• Correction of insufficient slope of the sewer pipe.
• Prevention of ingress of mechanical impurities and rodents into the system.
• Obstacles to the return of wastewater to plumbing fixtures.

The non-return valve on the fan pipe must be installed without the use of all kinds of coatings and silicone. Surface must be clean and dry

Depending on the type of non-return valve, it can be installed outside or inside the element. The device is directed towards the movement of drains, its elements, made in the form of petals, must be curved towards the plumbing fixture. Internal installation involves thorough cleaning and subsequent degreasing of the inner surface of the pipe, where the insert will subsequently be installed. Experts strongly do not recommend using various lubricants during installation, including silicone ones, designed specifically for sewers. All installation work is carried out only on dry surfaces.

Ventilation riser for sewerage

Traditionally, the upper part of the fan pipe is brought to the roof in the form of a ventilation riser. According to the recommendations of building SNiPs, the height of the structure should be at least 0.5 m on a pitched roof, 0.3 m on a flat unexploited surface and 3 m on an operated roof. At the same time, the minimum distance from the riser to the opened balconies or windows horizontally must be at least 4 m. It is strictly forbidden to combine the outlet of the fan pipe with stove chimneys or ventilation.

If the house has several sewer risers at once, they can be connected with one exhaust part. In this case, the cross section of the pipe chosen for its arrangement should be equal to or greater than the diameter of the risers themselves. For most buildings, the diameter of a single exhaust part will be 110 mm. The combined exhaust elements are laid with a slight slope, of the order of 0.02%, directed towards the movement of gases.

Bringing the device to the attic is strongly discouraged. It is also forbidden to install a vent pipe outlet directly under the roof overhang, since snow falling and sliding from the roof can easily damage it. All sorts of additional designs for the hood, such as wind vanes or deflectors installed at the outlet of the sewer riser, will not give the expected effect. On the contrary, according to experts, they provoke the appearance of condensate in the system, which is fraught with blocking of the outlets if it freezes.

You will also need material on which pipes to choose to make sewer ventilation, and what factors to consider when designing:

Sewerage without ventilation is possible. But will the owner of a dwelling where such a system is installed agree to get used to the constant smell of sewage? A competent installation of a fan structure will easily solve an unpleasant problem, especially since you can do it yourself. After carefully reading the instructions, you can safely get down to business. As a result, the house will not only shine with cleanliness, but also smell of it.