Heat-efficient blocks are a modern and reliable building material that is used for the construction of external walls, buildings, houses and structures. Due to its structure, it is essentially better than brick or foam blocks.
Modern heat-efficient blocks are manufactured using the latest technologies and have exceptional energy-saving and water-resistant performance. In addition, this building material has high reliability and greater durability than, say, a foam block.
The heat block is a more durable material than brick, and also more heat absorbing than foam block or gas silicate. In other words, a heat block is a wall, facade and insulation in one block.
Heat efficient block
For a certain construction industry, the corresponding types of heat blocks are distinguished. Each type of heat-efficient block, as a rule, has its own equipment, which comes with the heat block.
The following types and types are distinguished:
In addition, it is possible to design and manufacture custom-made heat blocks, for example, to create rounded walls. Many companies producing heat-efficient blocks offer the ability to change the thickness of the block, which will make it as efficient as possible for different climatic conditions.
Presentation of the heat-efficient building block Teplosten:
The blocks are intended for the construction of outdoor structures, as well as load-bearing, non-bearing and self-supporting frames for residential buildings, premises and other structures. Multilayer blocks (three-layer or four-layer) are made of a three-layer material: expanded polystyrene foam and face painted or textured stone (textured).
Each block consists of three layers: inner and outer, which are made of expanded clay concrete connected with steel reinforcement. The middle layer is thermal expanded polystyrene. Since the inner layer has a smooth and flat surface, then it is often used for target putty.
The following advantages of this building material are distinguished:
The manufacture and production of heat blocks is carried out on the basis of high-quality equipment and modern technologies, as well as using harmless raw materials:
Reinforcing fiberglass rods are used to connect the layers of the heat block to each other.
Advantages of choosing heat-efficient blocks
Using heat blocks, you can build a reliable, durable and, most importantly, energy-saving building. Also, the use of heat blocks significantly increase the speed of building walls. After all, now the construction of walls, their insulation and facade decoration occur simultaneously.
Due to the small width of the heat blocks and the presence of a tongue-and-groove system, the masonry is stronger and more reliable, which is also an important factor in construction. Another distinctive quality of heat blocks is their strength and resistance to stress.
For the formation and manufacture of the front side of the heat blocks, super-strong concrete is used, which is also immune to moisture.
The main advantage of this concrete is that it does not need to be repainted or reconstructed, and its cost, compared to similar facade products, is much lower.
Besides, modern technologies allow you to decorate the front part in various colors, which will make your home aesthetically attractive.
How the facade of a house built of heat-efficient blocks might look like:
Prices for heat blocks range from 6,000 to 8,000 rubles per cubic meter and depend on the manufacturer, exterior finish and composition of the filler.
One of the main advantages of using heat blocks is its low cost compared to similar building materials. The use of heat efficient blocks in the construction of a house or building will bring you significant economic benefits. If you evaluate this building material on a five-point system, there will be a solid 5 here.
The heat block (as a building material) has the following strengths:
There are some disadvantages that are inherent in heat blocks, namely:
Practicality - 5 points. This building material is very easy to use, and does not require much effort, the availability of equipment or lifting units during construction.
Appearance - 4 points. Externally, the wall of the heat block looks very attractive, especially considering the fact that front side can be made to order. However, siding, brickwork and other facing materials cannot be used due to the fact that outside surface not intended for external cosmetic work.
Ease of manufacture - 5 points. The material is made from high quality components using the latest technology.
Laboriousness when using - 5 points. Thanks to its light weight and wide variety forms, heatblocks are very convenient to use. Due to the fact that you can build a wall alone with the help of the blocks themselves and glue, the laboriousness in use becomes minimal.
Environmental friendliness - 5 points. This material consists of expanded clay, expanded polystyrene, as well as many other environmentally friendly components.
In general, building from heat blocks is a convenient and cost-effective option for building a house, which is reflected in extremely positive consumer reviews.
The idea that comfort should be expensive has long since sunk into oblivion. Modern developers no longer need to spend years building stone structures or caulking cracks in logs. The market offers new technologies and new building materials, the latest (by the time of appearance) among which is a heat block.
A batch of heat blocks prepared for shipment
The technology for the production of this innovative material originated in Finland and spread throughout Europe over several decades. Residents of Germany, Sweden and other countries with cold winters appreciated the quality and economical houses from heat blocks. Russia got acquainted with the new building material about 20 years ago. Since then, interest in heat blocks from people planning construction energy efficient home, is growing every year.
Heat blocks (polyblocks, heat-efficient blocks) are a kind of wall materials, whose feature is a three-layer structure, fastened with basalt-plastic reinforcement. The material layers have different purpose and composition:
carrier layer. The inner layer is made of porous expanded clay concrete (grade - at least 150, thickness 160 mm). It bears most of the load.
Diagram of the heat block device
Front (facade) layer. Made of expanded clay concrete of increased density (non-foamed), it performs a decorative and protective function. The facing layer can imitate the texture of classic finishing materials(brick, natural stone). The surface is painted in production or left gray for further painting.
The inner layer. The insulation layer is made of simple or extruded polystyrene foam (polystyrene), has a thickness of 16 cm or more, is impregnated with a refractory compound and is a fireproof structural element.
The use of heat blocks allows you to start finishing interior spaces without prior preparation. The advantages also include the following qualities:
Construction speed. The construction of houses from heat blocks is characterized by a high speed of construction, when a decorative layer and insulation appear simultaneously with the supporting structure. This technological feature is the main advantage of the material.
Cladding and insulation appear simultaneously with the growth of walls
Price. The construction of a country cottage from heat blocks requires a smaller budget than the construction of a similar building from gas or foam concrete.
Thermal resistance. Wall structure 42 cm thick (standard polyblock size) has thermal conductivity brick wall 2 m thick or aerated concrete - 80 cm.
good geometry. Important parameter affecting the tightness of wall structures.
Wealth of choice. Manufacturers offer a wide range of sizes and configurations (ordinary and additional).
Knowing the shortcomings (and any material has them), it is easy to take into account and bypass them during construction. The disadvantages of heat blocks include the following parameters:
Big weight. The weight of one block reaches 25 kg, so polyblocks are not the most convenient material, given that they must be laid out very accurately. Not every construction team agrees to work with them.
Seam quality. If the blocks are laid out inaccurately, through slots are formed (since the joints pass through the entire thickness of the wall structure) and inevitable heat losses. Defects need proper sealing (with mounting foam).
Varieties of textures of heat blocks
Differences in color. The color of blocks from different batches (if coloring pigment) can be noticeably different. After construction is completed, the defect can be corrected by leveling the shade with facade paint.
Complex calculations. For the construction of a private house, up to 14 types of heat blocks may be required (ordinary and half, corner, belt, bay windows, window and doorways, bilateral and conventional). To calculate the required amount, it is convenient to contact a specialist.
On our website you can get acquainted with the most popular projects of stone houses from construction companies presented at the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".
Despite twenty years of presence in the Russian construction market, an ordinary developer knows little about the features of houses built from heat blocks. Meanwhile, house projects using heat blocks have a sufficient set of advantages, which include:
Savings in construction. The weight of the building is relatively small, which makes it possible to use a lightweight foundation and reduce the construction budget. Also, good savings come out on transportation, special equipment and finishing work.
The use of heat blocks allows you to save on finishing work
Durability. Finnish developers determine the service life of blocks and buildings built from them at 80-100 years. This is facilitated by high compressive strength (2-3 times higher compared to cellular concrete), which also positively affects seismic resistance.
Frost resistance. The walls are designed for a minimum of 100 freeze-thaw cycles.
Low thermal conductivity. The multilayer structure of the walls provides thermal conductivity at the level wooden structures allowing you to save on heating.
Environmental friendliness. The main components of the walls - concrete and polystyrene foam do not harmful influence on health. facade walls not afraid of mold and microorganisms.
Fire safety. Walls made of heat blocks do not support combustion.
Soundproofing. Three-layer walls provide comfortable silence.
Aesthetics. A variety of colors and textures of the facade layer allows you to build a house in any architectural style.
The polyblock house is designed for year-round use
The disadvantages of heat blocks are two properties:
Low vapor permeability. The main culprit, which does not allow water vapor to pass through and creates Greenhouse effect- expanded polystyrene. Therefore, in housing from heat blocks forced ventilation is a mandatory system.
Parameter difference. Two types of blocks are on sale, differing in the way the bearing part is produced. Blocks produced by vibrocasting are more durable material. Vibropressed blocks are attractive at a lower price, but they are designed for lower loads and absorb water more intensively (which is fraught with premature destruction).
On our site you can find contacts of construction companies that offer house construction services. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".
The construction of three-layer blocks takes place along standard scheme construction of block houses, adjusted for the characteristics of the material, allowing you to do it faster. The process consists of the following steps:
Foundation. Walls made of polyblocks exert less pressure on the ground compared to brick walls. This provides a pleasant opportunity to save money by replacing an expensive foundation with a strip or shallow monolithic foundation. Such a replacement can reduce the cost of the foundation by 40-50%, and the construction budget - by 20-25%.
The light weight of polyblocks makes possible application lightweight foundation even for two-story buildings
Frame and floors. A reinforced concrete frame is needed only if the height of the house exceeds four floors (which is not often seen in private housing construction). Majority country houses they do without a frame, but they need reinforced concrete floors that increase the rigidity and sound insulation of the structure.
Walling. The process is fast, but nuanced. The first row of heat blocks is laid on a cement-sand mortar and carefully leveled. Subsequent rows are placed on a special quick-drying glue; if voids form, they are filled with foam. The main feature in the construction of walls from three-layer blocks is the continuous control of the correct laying. A pleasant plus of the technology is its cleanliness, a large amount of water, sand and cement is not needed at the construction site.
Roof installation. In buildings made of polyblocks, it is allowed to use any truss system and any kind of roofing materials.
Final stage. Since the house is not required to be insulated from a heat-efficient material, after the installation of the roof, engineering Communication, and interior decoration is being carried out.
About the benefits of building a house from heat blocks in the following video:
An increasing number of customers prefer not to waste time and money on building houses from traditional materials. The priority is prompt and affordable construction country cottages from polyblocks. A house made of turnkey heat blocks attracts future owners with an integrated approach to organizing construction, including the following steps:
Create a project. The specialists of the company adapt finished project or make a new one, of any complexity and architectural style. They will also help you choose a site for construction and draw up the necessary documents.
The work of a designer and architect. An experienced specialist will offer several options for planning and roofing, help determine the location of the veranda and garage.
Budgeting. The customer sets the budget framework and participates in the discussion and selection of materials and technologies for arranging the foundation and roof. At this stage, the cost of construction looms, in which adjustments can be made.
Typical turnkey project from heat blocks
Purchase of materials. Construction organizations prefer to work without intermediaries, with reliable suppliers. This allows you to reduce the cost of construction.
Construction works . They include a full cycle, from the removal of the project to the area and the zero cycle (earthworks), to finishing work and laying engineering communications.
Commissioning. House checks and engineering networks for compliance with the norms of SNiP and other regulatory documents. A building that meets all standards will not have problems obtaining permits.
Reception of work. The owner signs the act of acceptance, the construction organization draws up a guarantee for the quality of the work performed.
Construction companies engaged in the construction of housing from turnkey heat-efficient blocks offer prices from 14-16 to 24-27 thousand rubles. per m 2; the box is erected in 2-4 months. This variation is explained by the influence of several parameters:
Project complexity. Each project is individual, much depends on the architectural characteristics.
About the intricacies of building a house from polyblocks in the following video:
Areas and floors designed cottage. As the area increases, the price decreases; this includes the area of terraces, verandas and balconies.
Block prices in the region construction.
In addition to reducing spending on foundation and finishing work, construction savings are also achieved due to other factors:
Minimum labor cost. Laying is carried out in one row, due to which the speed increases by 3-,3,2 times compared to brickwork and similar output per shift. Construction time is reduced without compromising quality.
Transportation costs. The weight of blocks is 2.7-2.8 times less than bricks (of equal volumes), which allows to reduce the cost of transportation to the construction site by 2-2.5 times.
To build a turnkey house from heat blocks, the price of which will be formed on best conditions, you should contact construction organizations With great experience work. Such companies value their reputation and therefore carefully fulfill their obligations. They have a staff of qualified specialists and sufficient material and technical base to implement projects of any complexity.
The project of heat blocks in a modern style
The correct geometry and variety of shapes of polyblocks allow you to implement a typical or original project country house in any style. Regardless of the chosen architectural style, the capital building will have optimal specifications, and its cost (in the Moscow region) will be in the interval:
Projects with area up to 100 m 2 : 1.48-1.79 million rubles
100 to 200 m 2 : 1.88-2.47 million rubles
200 to 300 m 2 : 2.56-2.85 million rubles
Heat-efficient blocks are relatively new material for the construction of the walls of the house. The blocks are made in three layers - the outer and inner layers of the block are made of fine-grained or lightweight concrete. The middle layer is a thermal insert made of expanded polystyrene. The accuracy of the block dimensions and the deviation from the plane of the faces must be within + -1 mm.
The structural integrity of the blocks is achieved during the manufacturing process in two ways, Fig. 1:
Option 1: Due to the connection of concrete and heat-insulating layers by the “groove-thorn” engagement, performed in a thermal insert.
Option 2: Due to the connection of concrete and heat-insulating layers with plastic anchors. This option is used most often.
EPS - foamed, XPS - extruded polystyrene foam.
Blocks can be 300 wide mm and 400 mm. The blocks differ in the thickness of the inner (bearing) concrete layer and the insulation layer.
The blocks are intended for use as load-bearing and non-bearing elements of a single-layer facing masonry in the outer walls of heated buildings with dry, normal and wet operating conditions.
Heat-efficient blocks are produced with various configurations and standard sizes, the main forms are shown in Fig. 3.:
The dimensions of the masonry are adjusted to the standard size of the blocks, which makes it possible to avoid cutting and fitting the blocks and to ensure the continuity of the thermal contour of the walls. The wall is assembled from blocks like a Lego constructor. Each block size is placed in its predetermined place.
The outer layer may have a decorative front surface of various textures. Coloring front surface can be produced during the manufacture of the block, by pigmentation of the concrete mixture.
Blocks according to the compressive strength along the "gross" section are divided into grades: M35, M50, M75. For the brand "M" of a three-layer heat-efficient block in terms of compressive strength, MPa (kgf / cm 2) the average tensile strength in axial compression of the block is taken with the transfer of the load to the “gross” area, to all three layers, without deducting the thermal insulation layer. At the same time, the outer and inner concrete layers usually have a higher grade, strength class than the block as a whole. That is, one should distinguish between the brand of the block and the brand, the class of concrete in the layers of the block.
Brand of concrete blocks for frost resistance: F50, F75, F100.
Physical and mechanical characteristics of heat-efficient blocks for bearing walls, Fig.4:
The thermophysical parameters of walls made of multilayer blocks are regulated by changing the thickness and type of effective insulation.
An increase in the thickness of the insulation leads to a decrease in the thickness of the concrete layer and, consequently, bearing capacity walls. Ensuring the strength, stability of the walls of the house is the main condition for the use of heat blocks, do not forget about it.
The calculation of the heat transfer resistance of a wall made of blocks is carried out as usual, for example, as described in the article.
The coefficient of thermotechnical uniformity of laying on glue from multilayer blocks during testing was r=0.92.
The use of metal fittings as flexible connections is unacceptable due to a sharp decrease in the thermal performance of the blocks. In comparative tests of masonry fragments, masonry blocks, where metal reinforcement was used as interlayer bonds, had thermal characteristics 3.12 times worse.
Heat-efficient blocks are widely known trademarks"Teploblok", "Teplosten", "Polyblok", "Flint granite". The difference between the products of these brands is due to the features of the equipment used and minor changes in the design of the blocks.
In the manufacture of blocks, expanded clay concrete is widely used. Blocks are produced with insulation from mineral wool insulation and foam glass, as well as blocks with a tongue-and-groove interface system, with grooves for laying reinforcement. The shape of the blocks of the "Teplosten" system has a slight taper.
The system of blocks "Kremnegranit" has a front layer of silicon granite.
No complex equipment is required for the production of blocks. Blocks are produced by many small manufacturers. The quality of the blocks in their execution can be very different from the required specifications.
When choosing a manufacturer, seller of blocks, in addition to the price, you should pay attention to:
Compared to The use of heat blocks has the following advantages:
1. Acceleration of construction walls - all three layers of the wall are brought to the site at one time, unloaded and laid: load-bearing, heat-insulating and facing.
2. The dense construction of layers in a block with a sealed concrete shell increases the durability of the insulation, and therefore the durability of the walls. The insulation is better protected from the penetration of fire. more resistant to fire.
3. From an engineering point of view, masonry with densely connected layers of blocks increases the bearing capacity of the masonry. In masonry from individual layers, only the bearing capacity of the inner layer of the wall is taken into account, and in masonry of heat blocks - all layers. The thickness of the inner layer in the masonry of heat blocks may be less than in the wall of individual layers.
See: from this video you will learn about all the pros and cons of a three-layer heat-efficient heat block:
In an effort to facilitate the work of builders, scientists have tried many different ways and technologies. In this regard, the idea to combine three qualities in the wall material turned out to be very productive: effective insulation, high bearing capacity and decorative finishes.
This is how heat-efficient blocks (TEBs) were born. We will talk about what this masonry material is, what are its objective advantages and disadvantages in this article.
The design of the heat block includes three layers:
Since foam plastic and expanded clay concrete are physically heterogeneous, in order to prevent delamination of the wall, the outer and inner layers of the block are fastened with fiberglass or basalt rods.
The design of the heat block (polyblock)
Manufacturers regulate the strength of the thermoblock using various brands cement mortar and expanded clay gravel(from M50 to M100).
The insulation in the block may be different. More cheap material are made using ordinary polystyrene foam with a density of 25 kg / m3. Better energy savings are achieved by installing more expensive extruded foam.
The inner (bearing) layer of the polyblock can be solid or with voids. The latter option is used in the construction of houses with a height of more than three floors. Reinforcement is placed inside the voids and filled with mortar.
Since the thermal wall block is a single three-layer structure, it cannot be cut into pieces during laying. Given this requirement, manufacturers produce a wide range of thermopile. It includes not only in-line blocks of different thicknesses, but also internal and external, waist and ventilation, half and opening.
The technology of masonry from three-layer blocks has much in common with the process of building walls from gas silicate blocks. The fundamental difference, as we have already said, is the prohibition on cutting blocks to preserve their integrity and the unity of the texture pattern.
The masonry is carried out using building glue, maintaining the thickness of the joints in the range from 2 to 4 mm. Dense laying reduces heat loss through mortar joints, improving the thermal insulation qualities of the wall. The glue is applied with a notched trowel to the inner and outer layers of the block. The solution is not smeared on the foam. The construction of the walls is carried out with dressing of seams in ½ block.
Vertical seams when laying heat blocks are sealed in a special way. In the area of \u200b\u200bthe insulation they are sealed construction foam. outdoor and internal seams in the area of expanded clay, close up with a solution using a construction gun.
The seam in the area of \u200b\u200bthe insulation is filled with polyurethane foam
An important nuance is the reinforcement of the masonry after 3-4 rows with a steel mesh (cell 5x2 cm, wire thickness 0.5 mm).
Manufacturers claim that a block with insulation and cladding does not need a device reinforced belt(when building houses up to two floors high). However, practice has shown that it must always be done for the installation of floor slabs. To reinforced concrete did not stand out on the facade, it is covered with thin belt blocks.
Installation of the armo-belt frame. Outside, it is closed by a row of belt blocks
The support of the floor slabs on the wall of thermoblocks must be at least 12 cm.
Reviews real owners there are few houses from heat blocks. Information from manufacturers and dealers of this material is more common. In her positive sides FEBs are extolled, and shortcomings are hushed up.
In the reviews that we found, homeowners most often mention the following pluses thermoblocks:
The disadvantages of TEB include:
Ordinary polyblocks are produced in three basic standards (length, thickness, height): 40x40x19 cm, 40x30x19 cm and 20x40x19 cm. The latter size is used for laying walls attic floors, as well as for construction in warm climates.
The sizes and prices of heat blocks are directly related. The estimated cost (for 2016) of a colored ordinary block 40 cm thick is 260 rubles. In terms of 1 cube, this will amount to 8060 rubles.
Thinner colored 30-centimeter blocks are sold for 210 rubles apiece. For a cube, their price will be 8800 rubles.
Ordinary colored blocks with air exchange are sold at a price of 340 to 410 rubles / piece. Unpainted material can be bought 10-12% cheaper.
You will not find a single all-Russian manufacturer of thermal wall blocks that deserves complete trust. Therefore, in each region, before buying this material, you need to “take your eyes with you” and personally evaluate the quality. It is better to do this not in the dealer's office, but in the shop. For exhibitions, some manufacturers select the ideal blocks, but substandard material can be found on pallets before shipment.
What do you think of this wall material? Perhaps you or your loved ones have experience in building from these blocks, we will be glad to hear your feedback and comments.
Fencing systems, residential structures, public and industrial buildings are constructed from blocks of "heat walls".
For the manufacture of "heat walls" blocks, the technology of vibrocompression or vibrocasting is used. In the second method, production is carried out using manual labor to increase the strength of the material, using special additives.
In the first method, the need self made is reduced as the block production is done with the help of a matrix, and the amount of cement material is also reduced.
Blocks can be produced different shapes, they are angular, window, and in the form of the letter "T". Such material consists of three layers:
All components of the layer are interconnected using basalt-plastic rods. The block has a small weight, up to 28 kilograms, and significant dimensions, 400 * 300 * 200 millimeters.
Since the blocks have exact dimensions and almost perfect geometric shape, their laying is carried out on an adhesive composition, which is applied with a thickness of up to 4 millimeters. Since the adhesive composition does not take much, the use of water is reduced, the drying is fast, after the construction is completed, it is possible to immediately carry out internal Finishing work.
The construction of structures from blocks of "thermal walls" is carried out quickly, it is not required a large number time for complete drying. Also, such blocks are made according to individual orders any required form. The construction of structures with the help of blocks of "heat walls" is considered high-speed. For such structures, it is enough to perform a shallow, strip foundation from reinforced concrete, which is placed on a sand cushion.
For the construction of the basement element, formwork in the form of shields is used. The blocks are laid in one row, as they already contain insulating material and a decorative surface.
Buildings made of blocks of "thermal walls" do not let cold and warm air, this allows you to save on heating almost three times.
When laying, an adhesive composition is used, this reduces the need to deliver a significant amount of water, sand and cement materials. The masonry is carried out quickly and efficiently, since the material is even, has practically no deviations, and does not have a lot of weight. Blocks can be laid independently, this does not require special knowledge, further external finishing is excluded, since the material already has decorative coating.
The wall of the "warm walls" blocks dries quickly and gains strength. Used to make blocks various materials in bulk form, which saves on its production, while consumer qualities are not lost.
Structures made of blocks of "thermal walls" are much lighter than bricks or concrete blocks, therefore they do not exert a significant load on the foundation, this allows you to build a tape monolithic base, and save up to 20%.
The small weight of the blocks allows you to save on transport and lifting costs, the thickness and weight of the walls is almost three times less than that of brick structures. There is also no need to carry out a standard foundation, it is enough to deepen it up to 60 centimeters, this allows you to:
The main advantage of this material is good sound insulation and thermal insulation, and the facade does not require additional finishing, the foundation can be built lightweight. There is no shrinkage of the material, which makes it possible to carry out internal finishing work immediately after construction.
Due to the light weight and the simplicity of the work performed, it is possible to build a building within a few days.
The main disadvantage of "warm wall" blocks is that the walls are not breathable. The bearing layer is too thin, so the calculations for the roof slab must be carried out accurately.
The price of the material is not low, but when using such blocks, you can save money, if the building is made of brick, then you can gradually invest in further finishing.
It is very important not to purchase ornamental materials, their dimensions and geometry must comply with the standards, if these indicators are violated, then the installation will be painful. It is also not very convenient to carry blocks through the scaffolding due to their large size.
Using blocks of "thermal walls" you can significantly save on costs, this technology helps to quickly build walls. With these blocks you can get good thermal insulation and sound insulation, but also along with the advantages, it is necessary to take into account the disadvantages this material. When choosing blocks, you need to consider whether the insulation is of high quality and environmentally friendly, the erected walls will not breathe. You also need to consider the cost of the material. After completion of work, all seams must be sealed adhesive composition, which was used during installation to avoid the appearance of cold bridges and the penetration of moisture.
